The rhythm of retinoids in the brain.
The rhythm of retinoids in the brain.
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DOI：
10.1111/jnc.12620
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Stoney PN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ransom J;Morgan PJ;McCaffery PJ;Stoney PN
类维甲酸是一类化合物，在自然界中是从维生素A或维生素A前体类胡萝卜素中提取的。作为哺乳动物饮食中必不可少的一部分，维生素A长期以来一直被认为是成年人许多器官系统所必需的。然而，最近，它们被证明是大脑功能所必需的，新的发现表明，它们在从神经可塑性到神经发生的一系列过程中发挥着核心作用。它作用于中枢神经系统的几个区域，包括眼睛、海马体和下丘脑，其中一个共同的因素是控制生物节奏。本文综述了维生素A在大脑中的作用，它通过特定的核受体通过代谢产物维甲酸的作用，以及通过控制合成和分解代谢来调节它的浓度。然后讨论了维甲酸在调节大脑和身体从昼夜节律到季节节律方面的作用，最后讨论了维甲酸在睡眠规律中的重要性。我们回顾了维生素A和维甲酸(RA)作为大脑节律调节剂的作用。在视交叉上核和海马区，它们控制着生物钟基因的表达，而在大脑皮层，维甲酸是睡眠的增量振荡所必需的。维甲酸也是与季节同步的第二节律的中心，调节下丘脑和松果体的功能。
The retinoids are a family of compounds that in nature are derived from vitamin A or pro-vitamin A carotenoids. An essential part of the diet for mammals, vitamin A has long been known to be essential for many organ systems in the adult. More recently, however, they have been shown to be necessary for function of the brain and new discoveries point to a central role in processes ranging from neuroplasticity to neurogenesis. Acting in several regions of the central nervous system including the eye, hippocampus and hypothalamus, one common factor in its action is control of biological rhythms. This review summarizes the role of vitamin A in the brain; its action through the metabolite retinoic acid via specific nuclear receptors, and the regulation of its concentration through controlled synthesis and catabolism. The action of retinoic acid to regulate several rhythms in the brain and body, from circadian to seasonal, is then discussed to finish with the importance of retinoic acid in the regular pattern of sleep. We review the role of vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA) as mediators of rhythm in the brain. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hippocampus they control expression of circadian clock genes while in the cortex retinoic acid is required for delta oscillations of sleep. Retinoic acid is also central to a second rhythm that keeps pace with the seasons, regulating function in the hypothalamus and pineal gland.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BLOMHOFF, R;GREEN, MH;NORUM, KR
通讯作者：
NORUM, KR
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Bost, F;Caron, L;Binétruy, B
通讯作者：
Binétruy, B
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Abu-Abed, S;Dollé, P;Petkovich, M
通讯作者：
Petkovich, M
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Dey, Nandini;De, Pradip K.;Durden, Donald L.
通讯作者：
Durden, Donald L.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Barrett, Perry;Ebling, Francis J. P.;Morgan, Peter J.
通讯作者：
Morgan, Peter J.