Carbohydrate-based immune adjuvants.
Carbohydrate-based immune adjuvants.
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DOI：
10.1586/erv.11.30
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Cooper PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petrovsky N;Cooper PD
佐剂在人类疫苗中的作用一直是一个激烈的科学辩论问题，该领域受到80多年来铝盐是唯一批准用于人类的佐剂的事实的阻碍。直到今天，基于明矾的佐剂，单独或与其他免疫活化剂组合，仍然是美国批准使用的唯一佐剂。大多数佐剂的作用机制尚不清楚，这一事实无助于这种情况。佐剂开发的资源和资金相对缺乏，这只能帮助维持明矾的相对垄断地位。要真正挑战明矾的霸主地位，一种新的佐剂还有许多主要的障碍需要克服，不仅仅是明矾的简单性，耐受性，安全记录和最低成本。碳水化合物结构在免疫系统功能中起着关键作用，碳水化合物也具有很强的安全性和耐受性记录。许多来自植物、细菌、酵母和合成来源的碳水化合物已成为有希望的疫苗佐剂候选物。碳水化合物易于生物降解，因此不太可能引起明矾佐剂所见的长期组织沉积问题。最重要的是，人类佐剂开发的圣杯是确定一种化合物，它将有效的疫苗增强与最大的耐受性和安全性结合起来。这对许多佐剂竞争者来说是一个坚韧的挑战。然而，基于碳水化合物的化合物具有许多有利的特性，可以使它们处于独特的地位，以挑战明矾对人类疫苗使用的垄断。
The role for adjuvants in human vaccines has been a matter of vigorous scientific debate, with the field hindered by the fact that for over 80 years, aluminum salts were the only adjuvants approved for human use. To this day, alum-based adjuvants, alone or combined with additional immune activators, remain the only adjuvants approved for use in the USA. This situation has not been helped by the fact that the mechanism of action of most adjuvants has been poorly understood. A relative lack of resources and funding for adjuvant development has only helped to maintain alum’s relative monopoly. To seriously challenge alum’s supremacy a new adjuvant has many major hurdles to overcome, not least being alum’s simplicity, tolerability, safety record and minimal cost. Carbohydrate structures play critical roles in immune system function and carbohydrates also have the virtue of a strong safety and tolerability record. A number of carbohydrate compounds from plant, bacterial, yeast and synthetic sources have emerged as promising vaccine adjuvant candidates. Carbohydrates are readily biodegradable and therefore unlikely to cause problems of long-term tissue deposits seen with alum adjuvants. Above all, the Holy Grail of human adjuvant development is to identify a compound that combines potent vaccine enhancement with maximum tolerability and safety. This has proved to be a tough challenge for many adjuvant contenders. Nevertheless, carbohydrate-based compounds have many favorable properties that could place them in a unique position to challenge alum’s monopoly over human vaccine usage.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Deng, Kai;Adams, Michelle M.;Gin, David Y.
通讯作者：
Gin, David Y.
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Dillon, S;Agrawal, S;Pulendran, B
通讯作者：
Pulendran, B
DOI：
10.1007/bf01972217
发表时间：
1976-01-01
期刊：
AGENTS AND ACTIONS
影响因子：
--
作者：
BRULEYROSSET, M;FLORENTIN, I;MATHE, G
通讯作者：
MATHE, G
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Dong, Sheng-Fu;Chen, Jie-Min;Qu, Di
通讯作者：
Qu, Di
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Cluff, CW;Baldridge, JR;Persing, DH
通讯作者：
Persing, DH