Modulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in engineered plants for disease resistance.
Modulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in engineered plants for disease resistance.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms140714136
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发表时间：
2013-07-08
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Cordelier S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeandet P;Clément C;Courot E;Cordelier S
植物抗毒素是植物在受到感染或胁迫时产生的一种低分子量的抗菌物质，是植物主动防御机制的一部分。从20世纪50年代开始，对植物抗毒素的研究开始于生物化学和生物有机化学，导致确定了它们的结构、它们的生物活性以及它们的合成机制和它们被微生物催化的机制。阐明了许多植物抗毒素的生物合成允许使用分子生物学工具的探索基因编码的酶的合成途径和他们的监管机构。已经研究了植物抗毒素的遗传操作以增加植物的抗病性。在新植物中由外源植物抗毒素表达引起的疾病抗性的第一个例子涉及葡萄藤的植物抗毒素，其被转移到烟草中。然后进行转化以研究其他植物抗毒素生物合成基因赋予对病原体的抗性的潜力。出乎意料的是，工程植物抗毒素在植物中的抗病性似乎已被限制到开发只有少数植物抗毒素生物合成基因，特别是那些编码芪类和一些植物抗毒素。研究主要集中在间接方法上，其允许使用转录调节因子或上游调节途径的组分来调节植物抗毒素的积累。本文综述了植物抗毒素基因工程的遗传学方法，以及通过植物激素、防御相关标记基因和诱导子基因的分子工程调控植物抗毒素积累的方法。
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances of low molecular weight produced by plants in response to infection or stress, which form part of their active defense mechanisms. Starting in the 1950’s, research on phytoalexins has begun with biochemistry and bio-organic chemistry, resulting in the determination of their structure, their biological activity as well as mechanisms of their synthesis and their catabolism by microorganisms. Elucidation of the biosynthesis of numerous phytoalexins has permitted the use of molecular biology tools for the exploration of the genes encoding enzymes of their synthesis pathways and their regulators. Genetic manipulation of phytoalexins has been investigated to increase the disease resistance of plants. The first example of a disease resistance resulting from foreign phytoalexin expression in a novel plant has concerned a phytoalexin from grapevine which was transferred to tobacco. Transformations were then operated to investigate the potential of other phytoalexin biosynthetic genes to confer resistance to pathogens. Unexpectedly, engineering phytoalexins for disease resistance in plants seem to have been limited to exploiting only a few phytoalexin biosynthetic genes, especially those encoding stilbenes and some isoflavonoids. Research has rather focused on indirect approaches which allow modulation of the accumulation of phytoalexin employing transcriptional regulators or components of upstream regulatory pathways. Genetic approaches using gain- or less-of functions in phytoalexin engineering together with modulation of phytoalexin accumulation through molecular engineering of plant hormones and defense-related marker and elicitor genes have been reviewed.
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影响因子：
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