Diversity, classification and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems.

Diversity, classification and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems.
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CRISPR-CAS系统的多样性,分类和演变。

DOI:
10.1016/j.mib.2017.05.008
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发表时间:
2017-06
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Zhang F
Zhang F
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Koonin EV;Makarova KS;Zhang F

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细菌和古生菌CRISPR-Cas系统的适应性免疫在蛋白质组成、效应器复杂结构、基因组位点结构和适应机制、CRISPR(Cr)前RNA加工和干扰等方面表现出显著的多样性。CRISPR-CAS系统分为两类,第一类为多亚单位效应复合体,第二类为单蛋白效应模块。第二类CRISPR-CAS系统的基因组和实验综合表征工作导致了两个新类型和几个亚型的鉴定。新鉴定的类型VI系统是CRISPR-CAS变种中第一个专门针对RNA的系统。出乎意料的是,在一些2类系统中,效应器蛋白额外负责前crRNA的加工。对效应器复合体的比较分析表明,第2类系统是由可移动的遗传元件在多个独立的场合进化而来的。
The bacterial and archaeal CRISPR-Cas systems of adaptive immunity show remarkable diversity of protein composition, effector complex structure, genome locus architecture and mechanisms of adaptation, pre-CRISPR (cr)RNA processing and interference. The CRISPR-Cas systems belong to two classes, with multi-subunit effector complexes in Class 1 and single-protein effector modules in Class 2. Concerted genomic and experimental efforts on comprehensive characterization of Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems led to the identification of two new types and several subtypes. The newly characterized type VI systems are the first among the CRISPR-Cas variants to exclusively target RNA. Unexpectedly, in some of the class 2 systems, the effector protein is additionally responsible for the pre-crRNA processing. Comparative analysis of the effector complexes indicates that Class 2 systems evolved from mobile genetic elements on multiple, independent occasions.
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