Diel Behaviors of Zooplankton Interact with Tidal Patterns to Drive Spatial Subsidies in the Northern San Francisco Estuary
Diel Behaviors of Zooplankton Interact with Tidal Patterns to Drive Spatial Subsidies in the Northern San Francisco Estuary
复制标题
浮游动物的昼夜行为与潮汐模式相互作用，推动旧金山河口北部的空间补贴
DOI：
10.1007/s12237-021-01036-8
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kimmerer, Wim J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yelton, Rowan;Slaughter, Anne M.;Kimmerer, Wim J.
空间补贴和生境连通性是河口营养网的关键因素。有机物的平流和潮汐扩散，包括来自湿地等生产地区的浮游生物，可以补贴生产力较低地区的消费者。这些分散通量一般被认为是由潮汐混合沿着浓度梯度，但其他机制的分散可能是重要的。我们估计的哲水蚤桡足类Pseudodiaptomus forbesi之间的恢复沼泽和连接的通道在北方弗朗西斯科河口在2018年夏天使用连续流量数据和每小时的丰度数据在四个潮汐周期的通量。晚桡足类和成人是底层的，丰富的水柱只有在晚上，和丰富的是不相关的潮汐流量。在潮日，桡足类的分散通量是可变的。然而，在整个夏天，潮汐流量洪水占主导地位，在夜间时，桡足类在水柱，估计分散通量驱动到沼泽。在沼泽的分散将随着潮汐模式和桡足类丰度的变化而季节性变化。我们的研究结果表明，浮游动物在浅水潮汐系统中的运输是由昼夜浮游动物行为与长期潮汐格局的相互作用所调节的。在其他系统中，类似的相互作用将导致基于特定地点的流体动力学和浮游动物行为的迁移，并可能使浮游动物沿着浓度梯度向上而不是向下移动。浮游动物的行为模式和水流发生在各种各样的时间尺度上;因此，研究人员必须从长远的角度来理解这些相互作用。
Spatial subsidies and habitat connectivity are critical factors in estuarine trophic webs. Advection and tidal dispersion of organic matter including plankton from productive regions such as wetlands can subsidize consumers in less productive areas. These dispersive fluxes have generally been assumed to result from tidal mixing along concentration gradients, but other mechanisms of dispersion may be important. We estimated fluxes of the calanoid copepodPseudodiaptomus forbesibetween a restored marsh and a connected channel in the northern San Francisco Estuary in summer 2018 using continuous flow data and hourly abundance data over four tidal cycles. Late copepodites and adults were demersal, abundant in the water column only at night, and abundance was uncorrelated with tidal flows. Over the tidal day, dispersive fluxes of copepods were variable. However, over the entire summer, tidal flows were flood dominant at night when the copepods were in the water column, driving an estimated dispersive flux into the marsh. Dispersion at the marsh will change seasonally as tidal patterns and copepod abundance change. Our results show that the transport of zooplankton in shallow tidal systems is regulated by the interactions of diel zooplankton behavior with long-term tidal patterns. Similar interactions in other systems will result in transport based on site-specific hydrodynamics and zooplankton behavior, and could move zooplankton up the concentration gradient rather than down. Patterns of zooplankton behavior and currents occur on a wide variety of time scales; thus, researchers must take a long-term perspective to understand these interactions.
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