Avoiding organelle mutational meltdown across eukaryotes with or without a germline bottleneck.

Avoiding organelle mutational meltdown across eukaryotes with or without a germline bottleneck.
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避免有或没有种系瓶颈的真核生物的细胞器突变崩溃。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001153
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发表时间:
2021-04
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Johnston IG
Johnston IG
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Edwards DM;Røyrvik EC;Chustecki JM;Giannakis K;Glastad RC;Radzvilavicius AL;Johnston IG

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线粒体DNA(mtDNA)和质体DNA(ptDNA)编码重要的生物能量装置,这些细胞器DNA(oDNA)分子的突变可能是毁灭性的。在几种动物的生殖系中,遗传“瓶颈”增加了mtDNA异质性的细胞间差异,允许纯化选择以维持低比例的突变mtDNA。然而,大多数真核生物在发育早期并不隔离生殖细胞,甚至动物的瓶颈仍然知之甚少。那么,真核细胞器如何避免穆勒棘轮效应--有害的oDNA突变的逐渐积累呢?在这里,我们构建了一个全面的和预测性的遗传模型,定量描述了不同的机制如何分离和减少真核生物中的oDNA损伤。我们应用这一全面的理论来解释最近在不同小鼠模型中的单细胞观察的动物瓶颈。此外,我们表明基因转换是一种特别强大的机制,可以增加有益的细胞间差异,而不会消耗oDNA拷贝数,这解释了在不隔离动物样种系的多种生物体(例如海绵,珊瑚,真菌和植物)中观察到的oDNA重组的益处。跨真核生物的基因组、转录组和结构数据集支持这种机制,以产生有益的变异,而不存在种系瓶颈。这一框架解释了令人困惑的oDNA在不同分类群之间的差异,表明穆勒棘轮在不同的真核生物中是如何避免的。线粒体和质粒DNA分离的一个综合模型,支持与基因组,转录组学和单细胞数据,显示了如何在不同的真核生物的细胞器中,可以避免穆勒棘轮的磨损效应。
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and plastid DNA (ptDNA) encode vital bioenergetic apparatus, and mutations in these organelle DNA (oDNA) molecules can be devastating. In the germline of several animals, a genetic “bottleneck” increases cell-to-cell variance in mtDNA heteroplasmy, allowing purifying selection to act to maintain low proportions of mutant mtDNA. However, most eukaryotes do not sequester a germline early in development, and even the animal bottleneck remains poorly understood. How then do eukaryotic organelles avoid Muller’s ratchet—the gradual buildup of deleterious oDNA mutations? Here, we construct a comprehensive and predictive genetic model, quantitatively describing how different mechanisms segregate and decrease oDNA damage across eukaryotes. We apply this comprehensive theory to characterise the animal bottleneck with recent single-cell observations in diverse mouse models. Further, we show that gene conversion is a particularly powerful mechanism to increase beneficial cell-to-cell variance without depleting oDNA copy number, explaining the benefit of observed oDNA recombination in diverse organisms which do not sequester animal-like germlines (for example, sponges, corals, fungi, and plants). Genomic, transcriptomic, and structural datasets across eukaryotes support this mechanism for generating beneficial variance without a germline bottleneck. This framework explains puzzling oDNA differences across taxa, suggesting how Muller’s ratchet is avoided in different eukaryotes. A comprehensive model for mitochondrial and plasmid DNA segregation, supported by with genomic, transcriptomic, and single-cell data, shows how the attritional effects of Muller’s ratchet can be avoided in the organelles of diverse eukaryotes.
一个独特的水平基因转移事件为八角形的线粒体基因组提供了活跃的不匹配修复基因,该基因具有异常的独立功能。
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DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400110
发表时间: 2015-01
期刊: BIOESSAYS
影响因子: 4
作者:
Greiner, Stephan;Sobanski, Johanna;Bock, Ralph
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