Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?

Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?
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DOI:
10.1002/bies.201400110
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发表时间:
2015-01
期刊:
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Bock, Ralph
Bock, Ralph
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Greiner, Stephan;Sobanski, Johanna;Bock, Ralph

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为什么含有DNA的细胞器,叶绿体和线粒体,是母系遗传是一个长期存在和未解决的问题。然而,近年来出现了一种范式转变,单亲继承的绝对性越来越受到质疑。在这里,我们回顾了该领域,并提出了一个统一的细胞器遗传模型。我们认为,母系模式的优势是在父系配子较高的突变负荷的结果。单亲遗传是从宽松的细胞器遗传模式演变而来的,因为它避免了自私细胞质元件的传播。然而,在进化的时间尺度上,单亲遗传的细胞器容易发生突变(穆勒棘轮)。为了防止这种情况发生,会出现宽松的遗传模式,允许低水平的性细胞器重组。由于性细胞器重组不足以减轻自私的细胞质成分的影响,单亲遗传的各种机制再次独立进化。因此,细胞器遗传必须被看作是一种进化上不稳定的特征,具有强烈的普遍偏向单亲、母系模式。
Why the DNA-containing organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, are inherited maternally is a long standing and unsolved question. However, recent years have seen a paradigm shift, in that the absoluteness of uniparental inheritance is increasingly questioned. Here, we review the field and propose a unifying model for organelle inheritance. We argue that the predominance of the maternal mode is a result of higher mutational load in the paternal gamete. Uniparental inheritance evolved from relaxed organelle inheritance patterns because it avoids the spread of selfish cytoplasmic elements. However, on evolutionary timescales, uniparentally inherited organelles are susceptible to mutational meltdown (Muller's ratchet). To prevent this, fall-back to relaxed inheritance patterns occurs, allowing low levels of sexual organelle recombination. Since sexual organelle recombination is insufficient to mitigate the effects of selfish cytoplasmic elements, various mechanisms for uniparental inheritance then evolve again independently. Organelle inheritance must therefore be seen as an evolutionary unstable trait, with a strong general bias to the uniparental, maternal, mode.
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