Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Risk Across Health Domains in Adolescents With an Evening Circadian Preference.

Sleep and circadian rhythm changes during adolescence contribute to increased risk across emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and physical health domains. This study examines if sleep and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) are related to greater risk in these five health domains. Participants were 163 (93 female, age=14.7) adolescents with an evening circadian preference from an NICHD-funded study. Sleep and circadian measures included weekday total sleep time (TST), bedtime, and shuteye time assessed via sleep diary, the Children’s Morningness-Eveningness Preferences scale, and DLMO. Health domains included self-reported emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and physical health. Later DLMO was significantly associated with shorter weekday TST, later weekday bedtime, and later weekday shuteye time as well as lower risk in the behavioral domain. At the trend level, later DLMO was related to fewer physical health problems. Earlier DLMO combined with a later bedtime, later shuteye time, or shorter TST predicted greater risk in the cognitive domain. Later DLMO and shorter TST or a later bedtime predicted worse physical health. DLMO timing was not related to the emotional or social domain. There is evidence that a discrepancy between sleep behaviors and the endogenous circadian rhythm may be related to risk in the cognitive domain for adolescents with an evening circadian preference. Preliminary evidence also indicated that a delayed DLMO and shorter TST or a later bedtime may be related to vulnerability to physical health risk.

青少年时期的睡眠和昼夜节律变化会增加其在情绪、行为、认知、社交和身体健康等方面的风险。本研究旨在探讨睡眠和暗光褪黑素起始（DLMO）是否与这五个健康领域的更高风险相关。 参与者是163名（93名女性，年龄 = 14.7岁）具有夜间型昼夜偏好的青少年，他们来自一项由美国儿童健康与人类发展研究所（NICHD）资助的研究。睡眠和昼夜节律的测量指标包括通过睡眠日记评估的工作日总睡眠时间（TST）、上床时间和入睡时间，儿童晨型 - 夜型偏好量表以及DLMO。健康领域包括自我报告的情绪、认知、行为、社交和身体健康。 较晚的DLMO与工作日较短的总睡眠时间、较晚的工作日上床时间和较晚的工作日入睡时间以及行为领域的较低风险显著相关。在趋势水平上，较晚的DLMO与较少的身体健康问题有关。较早的DLMO加上较晚的上床时间、较晚的入睡时间或较短的总睡眠时间预示着认知领域的更高风险。较晚的DLMO以及较短的总睡眠时间或较晚的上床时间预示着较差的身体健康。DLMO时间与情绪或社交领域无关。 有证据表明，对于具有夜间型昼夜偏好的青少年，睡眠行为和内源性昼夜节律之间的差异可能与认知领域的风险有关。初步证据还表明，延迟的DLMO以及较短的总睡眠时间或较晚的上床时间可能与身体健康风险的易感性有关。