Role of the lesion scar in the response to damage and repair of the central nervous system.
Role of the lesion scar in the response to damage and repair of the central nervous system.
复制标题
病变疤痕在中枢神经系统损伤和修复反应中的作用
DOI：
10.1007/s00441-012-1336-5
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Raisman, Geoffrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawano, Hitoshi;Kimura-Kuroda, Junko;Komuta, Yukari;Yoshioka, Nozomu;Li, Hong Peng;Kawamura, Koki;Li, Ying;Raisman, Geoffrey
关键词：
中枢神经系统（CNS）的创伤性损伤破坏血脑屏障（BBB）并引起造血细胞侵入神经组织。侵入的白细胞、巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞分泌各种细胞因子，这些细胞因子在受损的CNS中诱导炎症反应，并导致局部神经变性、囊腔的形成和病变部位周围神经胶质细胞的活化。作为这些过程的结果，在病变部位形成两种类型的瘢痕组织。一种是由反应性星形胶质细胞、反应性小胶质细胞和胶质前体细胞组成的胶质瘢痕。另一种是由成纤维细胞形成的纤维化瘢痕，这些成纤维细胞从邻近的脑膜和血管周围细胞侵入病变部位。在界面处，反应性星形胶质细胞和成纤维细胞相互作用以形成有组织的组织，即胶质界膜。星形胶质细胞反应具有保护作用，通过重建血脑屏障，防止神经元变性和限制损伤的扩散。虽然人们非常关注疤痕的星形胶质细胞成分对轴突再生的抑制作用，但本文将涵盖许多最近的研究，其中通过试剂（例如胶原蛋白合成阻滞剂）操纵疤痕的成纤维细胞成分已被发现对轴突再生有益。成纤维细胞中的这些变化在多大程度上通过随后对星形胶质细胞的下游作用而起作用，仍有待于将来的研究。
Traumatic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) destroys the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and provokes the invasion of hematogenous cells into the neural tissue. Invading leukocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes secrete various cytokines that induce an inflammatory reaction in the injured CNS and result in local neural degeneration, formation of a cystic cavity and activation of glial cells around the lesion site. As a consequence of these processes, two types of scarring tissue are formed in the lesion site. One is a glial scar that consists in reactive astrocytes, reactive microglia and glial precursor cells. The other is a fibrotic scar formed by fibroblasts, which have invaded the lesion site from adjacent meningeal and perivascular cells. At the interface, the reactive astrocytes and the fibroblasts interact to form an organized tissue, the glia limitans. The astrocytic reaction has a protective role by reconstituting the BBB, preventing neuronal degeneration and limiting the spread of damage. While much attention has been paid to the inhibitory effects of the astrocytic component of the scars on axon regeneration, this review will cover a number of recent studies in which manipulations of the fibroblastic component of the scar by reagents, such as blockers of collagen synthesis have been found to be beneficial for axon regeneration. To what extent these changes in the fibroblasts act via subsequent downstream actions on the astrocytes remains for future investigation.
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