A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster.
A rapid phenotype change in the pathogen Perkinsus marinus was associated with a historically significant marine disease emergence in the eastern oyster.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-021-92379-6
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发表时间：
2021-06-18
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Burreson EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carnegie RB;Ford SE;Crockett RK;Kingsley-Smith PR;Bienlien LM;Safi LSL;Whitefleet-Smith LA;Burreson EM
原动物寄生虫滨海波金丝虫（Perkinsus marinus）是最具生态重要性和经济破坏性的海洋病原体之一，可引起virginica的皮肤疾病。20世纪80年代美国皮肤病的迅速和持续加剧一直是一个谜。气候因子最初归因于多年干旱的影响，不能充分解释dermo增强的地理范围或其增强活动的持久性。在这里，我们表明，一种独特的、高毒力的海洋假单胞菌表型的出现与这种疾病的患病率和强度以及相关死亡率的增加有关。对1960年至2018年跨越切萨皮克湾（Chesapeake Bay）、南卡罗来纳州和新泽西州的8355只存档牡蛎的回顾性组织病理学研究显示，1983年至1990年期间出现了一种新的寄生虫表型，同时发生了重大的历史皮肤疾病暴发。表型变化包括寄生虫生命周期的缩短和从深层结缔组织向消化上皮的趋向性转变。1959年外来病原菌nelsonhaplosporidium快速建立后，P. marinus面临牡蛎丰度和寿命减少的问题，这种变化可能是适应性的。我们假设，我们的发现说明了一种新的生态系统对海洋寄生虫入侵的反应：本地寄生虫的毒力增加。
The protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, which causes dermo disease in Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most ecologically important and economically destructive marine pathogens. The rapid and persistent intensification of dermo in the USA in the 1980s has long been enigmatic. Attributed originally to the effects of multi-year drought, climatic factors fail to fully explain the geographic extent of dermo’s intensification or the persistence of its intensified activity. Here we show that emergence of a unique, hypervirulent P. marinus phenotype was associated with the increase in prevalence and intensity of this disease and associated mortality. Retrospective histopathology of 8355 archival oysters from 1960 to 2018 spanning Chesapeake Bay, South Carolina, and New Jersey revealed that a new parasite phenotype emerged between 1983 and 1990, concurrent with major historical dermo disease outbreaks. Phenotypic changes included a shortening of the parasite’s life cycle and a tropism shift from deeper connective tissues to digestive epithelia. The changes are likely adaptive with regard to the reduced oyster abundance and longevity faced by P. marinus after rapid establishment of exotic pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni in 1959. Our findings, we hypothesize, illustrate a novel ecosystem response to a marine parasite invasion: an increase in virulence in a native parasite.
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影响因子：
56.9
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通讯作者：
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