β-Cell Failure or β-Cell Abuse?

β-Cell Failure or β-Cell Abuse?
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DOI:
10.3389/fendo.2018.00532
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Corkey BE
Corkey BE
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Erion K;Corkey BE

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本次综述的动机是需要对 2 型糖尿病治疗结果没有产生显着改善的教条提出质疑:胰岛素抵抗是 β 细胞衰竭和由此产生的高血糖的驱动因素。我们强调这样一个事实:高脂血症、胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症都先于明显的糖尿病诊断,并且在实验测试中可以相互诱发。新的研究强调了高水平的循环胰岛素作为体重增加和胰岛素抵抗的驱动因素的重要性。我们实验室和其他实验室的数据证明,在不存在胰岛素抵抗的情况下,多种营养物质和环境毒素可以在非刺激性葡萄糖下刺激胰岛素分泌。这可以通过直接作用于 ß-Cell 或通过改变其对已知促分泌素的敏感性来实现。我们提出了下一个逻辑问题:2 型糖尿病中的 β 细胞功能障碍是否是由于功能受损(定义为衰竭)所致,或者 β 细胞的长期过度刺激超过其合成和分泌胰岛素的能力(定义为滥用)是否是 2 型糖尿病的主要异常。这些问题很重要,因为它们对如何最好地预防和治疗 2 型糖尿病有直接影响。
This review is motivated by the need to question dogma that has not yielded significant improvements in outcomes of Type 2 Diabetes treatment: that insulin resistance is the driver of ß-Cell failure and resulting hyperglycemia. We highlight the fact that hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia all precede overt diabetes diagnosis and can each induce the other when tested experimentally. New research highlights the importance of high levels of circulating insulin as both a driver of weight gain and insulin resistance. Data from our lab and others document that several nutrients and environmental toxins can stimulate insulin secretion at non-stimulatory glucose in the absence of insulin resistance. This occurs either by direct action on the ß-Cell or by shifting its sensitivity to known secretagogues. We raise the next logical question of whether ß-Cell dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes is due to impaired function, defined as failure, or if chronic overstimulation of the ß-Cell that exceeds its capacity to synthesize and secrete insulin, defined as abuse, is the main abnormality in Type 2 Diabetes. These questions are important as they have direct implications for how to best prevent and treat Type 2 Diabetes.
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