Role of toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in acute lung infection.
Role of toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in acute lung infection.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249098
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Jeyaseelan, Samithamby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le, John;Kulatheepan, Yathushigan;Jeyaseelan, Samithamby
关键词：
呼吸系统持续暴露于微生物，微生物的致病性不仅取决于其毒力因子，还与宿主的免疫力有关。呼吸道中存在多方面的先天免疫机制，以应对微生物感染并减少组织损伤。先天性免疫应答的关键细胞类型是巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、树突细胞、上皮细胞和内皮细胞。呼吸系统的髓样细胞和结构细胞通过病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）与模式识别受体（PRR）（包括Toll样受体（TLR）和NOD样受体（NLR））的结合或激活来感知入侵微生物。微生物的识别和随后PRR的激活触发信号级联，其导致转录因子的激活、细胞因子/趋化因子的诱导、细胞粘附分子的上调、免疫细胞的募集和随后的微生物清除。由于许多微生物抵抗抗菌剂并逃避先天免疫防御，未来将需要一种由更新的疫苗和新型抗菌剂组成的综合策略来控制微生物感染。本文综述了先天免疫防御在肺部急性微生物感染中的重要发现。了解先天免疫机制对于设计宿主靶向免疫疗法以减轻过度炎症同时控制肺部感染后组织中的微生物负荷至关重要。
The respiratory system exposed to microorganisms continuously, and the pathogenicity of these microbes not only contingent on their virulence factors, but also the host’s immunity. A multifaceted innate immune mechanism exists in the respiratory tract to cope with microbial infections and to decrease tissue damage. The key cell types of the innate immune response are macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Both the myeloid and structural cells of the respiratory system sense invading microorganisms through binding or activation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). The recognition of microbes and subsequent activation of PRRs triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of transcription factors, induction of cytokines/5chemokines, upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, recruitment of immune cells, and subsequent microbe clearance. Since numerous microbes resist antimicrobial agents and escape innate immune defenses, in the future, a comprehensive strategy consisting of newer vaccines and novel antimicrobials will be required to control microbial infections. This review summarizes key findings in the area of innate immune defense in response to acute microbial infections in the lung. Understanding the innate immune mechanisms is critical to design host-targeted immunotherapies to mitigate excessive inflammation while controlling microbial burden in tissues following lung infection.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Berrington, William R.;Iyer, Ravi;Wells, Richard D.;Smith, Kelly D.;Skerrett, Shawn J.;Hawn, Thomas R.
通讯作者：
Hawn, Thomas R.
DOI：
10.1631/jzus.b2000808
发表时间：
2021-08-15
期刊：
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
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DOI：
10.4049/jimmunol.1003111
发表时间：
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期刊：
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Ting JP
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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