Deciding which way to go: how do insects alter movements to negotiate barriers?
Deciding which way to go: how do insects alter movements to negotiate barriers?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2012.00097
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Quinn RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ritzmann RE;Harley CM;Daltorio KA;Tietz BR;Pollack AJ;Bender JA;Guo P;Horomanski AL;Kathman ND;Nieuwoudt C;Brown AE;Quinn RD
动物在其自然环境中移动时，必须照例处理障碍。这些挑战要求在不断变化的内部和外部条件下，对腿部动作和姿势进行定向改变。特别是，蟑螂使用触觉和视觉信息的组合来评估它们路径上的对象，以便有效地指导它们在复杂地形中的运动。当遇到一个大的障碍时，这种昆虫会用它的触角来评估物体的高度，然后相应地向上抬起，然后再攀爬。架子提供了在攀登和挖掘隧道之间的选择，这取决于天线如何撞击架子；从上面轻击会导致攀登，而从下面轻击则会导致隧道。然而，眼球细胞检测到的环境光条件可能会影响这一决定。同样，在T型迷宫中，转弯是由触角接触决定的，但受视觉线索的影响。这些多感官行为使我们将中央复合体视为昆虫大脑中感觉-运动整合的中心。视觉和触角触觉信号是在中央复合体内处理的，在拴系准备中，几个中央复合体单位在改变步频或转弯时或之前改变了放电率，而通过植入的电极刺激引起了同样的行为变化。为了进一步测试在这些决定中的中心复杂作用，我们检查了脑损伤的行为影响。中枢复合体受限区域的电解性损伤会产生部位特异性行为缺陷。普鲁卡因脑内注射的可逆效应也出现了类似的变化。最后，我们正在研究在一个更符合蟑螂觅食条件的大型竞技场做出的这类决定。总体而言，我们的研究表明，CC回路确实可能影响与导航决策相关的下行命令，从而使它们更依赖于上下文。
Animals must routinely deal with barriers as they move through their natural environment. These challenges require directed changes in leg movements and posture performed in the context of ever changing internal and external conditions. In particular, cockroaches use a combination of tactile and visual information to evaluate objects in their path in order to effectively guide their movements in complex terrain. When encountering a large block, the insect uses its antennae to evaluate the object’s height then rears upward accordingly before climbing. A shelf presents a choice between climbing and tunneling that depends on how the antennae strike the shelf; tapping from above yields climbing, while tapping from below causes tunneling. However, ambient light conditions detected by the ocelli can bias that decision. Similarly, in a T-maze turning is determined by antennal contact but influenced by visual cues. These multi-sensory behaviors led us to look at the central complex as a center for sensori-motor integration within the insect brain. Visual and antennal tactile cues are processed within the central complex and, in tethered preparations, several central complex units changed firing rates in tandem with or prior to altered step frequency or turning, while stimulation through the implanted electrodes evoked these same behavioral changes. To further test for a central complex role in these decisions, we examined behavioral effects of brain lesions. Electrolytic lesions in restricted regions of the central complex generated site specific behavioral deficits. Similar changes were also found in reversible effects of procaine injections in the brain. Finally, we are examining these kinds of decisions made in a large arena that more closely matches the conditions under which cockroaches forage. Overall, our studies suggest that CC circuits may indeed influence the descending commands associated with navigational decisions, thereby making them more context dependent.
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