Measuring More Than Exposure: Does Stress Appraisal Matter for Black-White Differences in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults?
Measuring More Than Exposure: Does Stress Appraisal Matter for Black-White Differences in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/geroni/igaa040
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Ailshire JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown LL;Abrams LR;Mitchell UA;Ailshire JA
先前的研究和理论表明，暴露于客观压力事件会导致心理健康差异。然而，黑人报告的累积压力暴露比白人高，但普通精神疾病的水平较低。为了理解为什么黑人承受了不成比例的压力，但与白人相比，他们的心理健康状况相似或更好，我们不仅需要考虑压力暴露方面的种族差异，还需要考虑压力评估方面的种族差异——压力暴露被认为是多么令人沮丧。我们研究了5个领域（健康、财务、居住、关系和护理）报告的慢性压力源数量的种族差异及其评估的压力是否解释了焦虑和抑郁症状的黑人和白人差异。数据来自2006年健康与退休研究的6019名52岁以上的成年人。在这个样本中，年长的黑人经历了更多的慢性压力源，但相对于白人，他们对压力源的评估不那么令人沮丧。在完全调整的模型中，压力暴露与更高水平的焦虑和抑郁症状有关，而将压力视为令人沮丧的感觉与白人和黑人更高的症状有关。我们还发现，与白人相比，黑人的焦虑症状更严重，但抑郁症状更少。压力评估部分解释了压力暴露与焦虑症状之间联系的种族差异，并完全解释了压力暴露与抑郁症状之间联系的种族差异。种族、慢性压力暴露和心理健康之间的关系是由压力评估介导的。压力评估提供了重要的途径，有助于在老年人的黑人和白人的心理健康差异的见解。
Prior research and theory suggest that exposure to objectively stressful events contributes to mental health disparities. Yet, blacks report higher cumulative stress exposure than whites but lower levels of common psychiatric disorders. In order to understand why blacks bear disproportionate stress exposure but similar or better mental health relative to whites, we need to consider race differences in not only stress exposure, but also stress appraisal—how upsetting stress exposures are perceived to be. We examine whether race differences in the number of reported chronic stressors across 5 domains (health, financial, residential, relationship, and caregiving) and their appraised stressfulness explain black–white differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data come from 6019 adults aged older than 52 from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study. Older blacks in this sample experience greater exposure to chronic stressors but appraise stressors as less upsetting relative to whites. In fully adjusted models, stress exposure is related to higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and perceiving stress as upsetting is associated with higher symptomology for whites and blacks. We also find that blacks report greater anxiety symptoms but fewer depressive symptoms with more stress exposure relative to whites. Stress appraisal partially explains race differences in the association between stress exposure and anxiety symptoms and fully explains race differences in the association between exposure and depressive symptoms. The relationship between race, chronic stress exposure, and mental health is mediated by stress appraisal. Stress appraisal provides insight on important pathways contributing to black–white mental health disparities in older adulthood.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5
作者：
Angel, RJ;Frisco, M;Chiriboga, DA
通讯作者：
Chiriboga, DA
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Brenes, GA
通讯作者：
Brenes, GA
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Abrams, Leah R.;Mehta, Neil K.
通讯作者：
Mehta, Neil K.
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Chou, Kee-Lee
通讯作者：
Chou, Kee-Lee
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
FINLAYJONES, R;BROWN, GW
通讯作者：
BROWN, GW