Soy isoflavones: are they useful in menopause?

Soy isoflavones: are they useful in menopause?
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大豆异黄酮:它们对更年期有用吗?

DOI:
--
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发表时间:
2000
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
L. Fitzpatrick
L. Fitzpatrick
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
A. Vincent;L. Fitzpatrick

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1999年10月,美国食品和药物管理局授权在食品标签上使用与大豆蛋白和降低冠心病风险有关的健康声明。几项研究表明,每日总摄入量为25克的大豆蛋白搭配低脂饮食导致临床上重要的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇水平降低。菜豆是一种富含植物雌激素的植物,主要存在于豆类和豆类中。大豆异黄酮是一种杂环酚类化合物,其结构与雌二醇-17 β和选择性雌激素受体调节剂相似。在细胞水平上的作用取决于靶组织、组织的受体状态和内源性雌激素的水平。大豆为基础的饮食研究评估大豆消费和血清脂质浓度之间的关系显示,大豆消费显着降低总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平。然而,大豆异黄酮不会增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇或甘油三酯水平。大豆蛋白对其他靶组织的作用反映了雌激素样激动剂和拮抗剂作用。流行病学研究表明,大豆蛋白对乳腺组织具有保护作用,这一点可以从东亚国家的乳腺癌发病率较低得到证明,在这些国家,大豆是饮食的主要部分。从人体研究中获得的关于维生素E对骨质疏松症影响的数据是有限的,需要更多的研究来支持其在骨质疏松症预防中的作用。到目前为止,还没有证据表明马诺酮对子宫内膜有刺激作用。一些研究表明大豆对潮热的影响很小,大豆减少潮热45%,安慰剂减少30%,而雌激素替代疗法减少潮热约70%。来自实验室研究的证据表明,大豆异黄酮对认知既没有正面影响,也没有负面影响。迄今为止,短期或长期使用大豆蛋白对人类没有不良影响。已知的唯一不利影响是动物中报告的影响(在植物雌激素丰富的牧场上放牧的绵羊和鹌鹑不育)。总之,大豆异黄酮是具有生物活性的化合物。目前的数据还不足以得出明确的结论,使用雌激素替代雌激素的绝经后妇女。尽管流行病学和基础实验室研究暗示大豆异黄酮对特定靶组织可能具有保护作用,但仍有必要进行随机、安慰剂对照临床试验来解决这些重要问题。
In October 1999, the US Food and Drug Administration authorized the use on food labels of health claims associated with soy protein and the reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Several studies have indicated that a total daily intake of 25 g of soy protein paired with a low-fat diet resulted in clinically important reductions of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens found predominantly in legumes and beans. Soy isoflavones are heterocyclic phenols with structural similarity to estradiol-17beta and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Actions at the cellular level depend on the target tissue, receptor status of the tissue, and the level of endogenous estrogen. Studies of soy-based diets evaluating the relation between soy consumption and serum lipid concentrations revealed that soy consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. However, the soy isoflavones do not increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels. The effects of soy protein on other target tissues reflect estrogenlike agonist and antagonist effects. Epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of soy protein on breast tissue as evidenced by the lower rates of breast cancer in East Asian countries where soy is a predominant part of the diet. Data available from human studies on the effect of isoflavones on osteoporosis are limited, and additional studies are needed to support a role in osteoporosis prevention. Thus far, there is no evidence for a stimulatory effect of isoflavones on the endometrium. A few studies reveal a minimal effect of soy on hot flashes, with soy reducing hot flashes 45% and placebo causing a 30% reduction compared with an approximate 70% reduction in hot flashes with estrogen replacement therapy. Evidence from laboratory studies reveals neither a positive nor a negative effect of soy isoflavones on cognition. To date, no adverse effects of short- or long-term use of soy proteins are known in humans. The only adverse effects known are those reported in animals (infertility in sheep and quails grazing on phytoestrogen-rich pastures). In conclusion, soy isoflavones are biologically active compounds. Current data are insufficient to draw definitive conclusions regarding the use of isoflavones as an alternative to estrogen for hormone replacement in postmenopausal women. Although epidemiological and basic laboratory studies allude to the possible protective effects of soy isoflavones at specific target tissues, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are necessary to address these important issues.
植物雌激素:流行病学和在癌症保护中的可能作用。
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影响因子: --
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