Metabolic impact of sex hormones on obesity.
Metabolic impact of sex hormones on obesity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.056
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发表时间：
2010-09-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Clegg, Deborah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Lynda M.;Gent, Lana;Davis, Kathryn;Clegg, Deborah J.
关键词：
肥胖及其相关的健康障碍和费用正在增加。男性和绝经后女性比年轻女性患肥胖并发症的风险更大。在大脑中，下丘脑是能量稳态的重要调节器。它的两个子区域，腹内侧核的腹外侧部分（VL VMN）和弓形（ARC）响应激素和其他信号来控制能量摄入和消耗。当下丘脑（包括 VL VMN 和 ARC）发生大的损伤时，动物会吃得更多，能量消耗减少，并变得肥胖。 ARC 和 VL VMN 以及下丘脑的其他区域已被证明含有雌激素受体。有两种雌激素受体，雌激素受体α（ERα）和雌激素受体β（ERβ）。我们和其他人之前已经证明，雌激素激活 ERα 会减少食物摄入并增加体重。本综述重点关注 ARC 和 VL VMN 中雌激素激活 ERα 在食物摄入和体重调节中的相对贡献。此外，在包括脂肪组织在内的许多外周组织中都发现了雌激素受体。雌激素被认为对脂肪组织有直接影响，并且雌激素可以在外周和中枢神经系统（CNS）中提供抗炎特性，从而可以保护女性免受与炎症相关的疾病的影响。了解雌激素调节体重和炎症的机制将有助于确定更年期妇女的潜在治疗药物，以降低与肥胖相关疾病的倾向。
Obesity and its associated health disorders and costs are increasing. Men and postmenopausal women have greater risk of developing complications of obesity than younger women. Within the brain, the hypothalamus is an important regulator of energy homeostasis. Two of its sub-areas, the ventrolateral portion of the ventral medial nucleus (VL VMN) and the arcuate (ARC) respond to hormones and other signals to control energy intake and expenditure. When large lesions are made in the hypothalamus which includes both the VL VMN and the ARC, animals eat more, have reduced energy expenditure, and become obese. The ARC and the VL VMN, in addition to other regions in the hypothalamus, have been demonstrated to contain estrogen receptors. There are two estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). We and others have previously demonstrated that activation of ERα by estrogens reduces food intake and increases body weight. This review focuses on the relative contribution of activation of ERα by estrogens in the ARC and the VL VMN in the regulation of food intake and body weight. Additionally, estrogen receptors have been found in many peripheral tissues including adipose tissue. Estrogens are thought to have direct effects on adipose tissue and estrogens may provide anti-inflammatory properties both in the periphery and the in the central nervous system (CNS) which may protect women from diseases associated with inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms by which estrogens regulate body weight and inflammation will assist in determining potential therapeutic agents for menopausal women to decrease the propensity of diseases associated with obesity.
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