How tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) and humans (Homo sapiens) handle a jointed tool.
How tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) and humans (Homo sapiens) handle a jointed tool.
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DOI：
10.1037/com0000282
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mangalam M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fragaszy DM;Lukemire JD;Reynoso-Cruz JE;Villarreal Jordan S;Sheheane S;Heaton A;Quinones M;Mangalam M
工具的具身理论预测，当使用抓取的物体作为工具时，个体会调整自己的动作来管理身体加物体系统中改变的自由度（DoF）。我们通过研究三只簇绒卷尾猴（Sapajus spp.）和六名人类（Homo sapiens）如何使用锄头取回令牌来测试这一理论的预测。锄头的手柄是刚性的，有两段和一个平面接头，或者有三段和两个（正交）平面接头。连接时，旋转手柄可能会使其变得僵硬。当手柄有一个关节时，猴子会使用比没有关节或两个关节时更多的动作来取回令牌。他们在任何情况下都不会频繁地或有针对性地使用探索性动作。尽管他们有时会旋转锄头的手柄，但并没有使其变得僵硬。在后续研究中，我们探讨了人类是否会像人类的具身理论和功能固定理论所预测的那样，以传统方式旋转手柄来使用双关节锄头。两个人转动手柄即可常规使用锄头，但四个人则不转动手柄；相反，他们像猴子一样使用提供的锄头。这些结果证实了一些预测，但也凸显了具体理论在指定添加多个自由度的后果方面的缺点。研究物种对关节物体惯性特性的感知敏感性有助于完善工具的具体化理论。
The embodied theory of tooling predicts that when using a grasped object as a tool, individuals accommodate their actions to manage the altered degrees of freedom (DoFs) in the body-plus-object system. We tested predictions from this theory by studying how three tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) and six humans (Homo sapiens) used a hoe to retrieve a token. The hoe’s handle was rigid, had two segments with one planar joint, or had three segments with two (orthogonal) planar joints. When jointed, rotating the handle could render it rigid. The monkeys used more actions to retrieve the token when the handle had one joint than when it had no joints or two joints. They did not use exploratory actions frequently nor in a directed manner in any condition. Although they sometimes rotated the handle of the hoe, they did not make it rigid. In a follow-up study, we explored whether humans would rotate the handle to use a two-jointed hoe in a conventional manner, as predicted both by the embodied theory and theories of functional fixedness in humans. Two people rotated the handle to use the hoe conventionally, but four people did not; instead, they used the hoe as it was presented, as did the monkeys. These results confirm some predictions but also highlight shortcomings of the embodied theory with respect to specifying the consequences of adding multiple DoFs. The study of species’ perceptual sensitivity to jointed object’s inertial properties could help to refine the embodied theory of tooling.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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