CGG repeat-associated translation mediates neurodegeneration in fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome.

CGG repeat-associated translation mediates neurodegeneration in fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.026
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发表时间:
2013-05-08
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Paulson HL
Paulson HL
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Todd PK;Oh SY;Krans A;He F;Sellier C;Frazer M;Renoux AJ;Chen KC;Scaglione KM;Basrur V;Elenitoba-Johnson K;Vonsattel JP;Louis ED;Sutton MA;Taylor JP;Mills RE;Charlet-Berguerand N;Paulson HL

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脆性X相关震颤共济失调综合征(FXTAS)由FMR 1的5'UTR中的CGG重复扩增引起。这种重复被认为是引起毒性的RNA,但疾病的大脑含有泛素阳性神经元包涵体,这是蛋白质介导的神经变性的病理标志。我们解释了这一悖论,通过证明CGG重复触发重复相关的非AUG启动(RAN)的翻译的一个神秘的含聚甘氨酸的蛋白质,FMRpolyG。FMRpolyG在果蝇、细胞培养物、小鼠疾病模型和FXTAS患者脑中的泛素阳性包涵体中积累。CGG RAN翻译发生在三个可能的阅读框中的至少两个中,重复大小范围从正常(25)到致病性(90),但包涵体形成仅发生在扩展的重复中。在果蝇中,CGG重复毒性通过消除RAN翻译而被抑制,并通过增加聚甘氨酸蛋白质的产生而被增强。这些研究扩展了不断增长的核苷酸重复序列疾病的列表,其中RAN翻译发生,并提供了RAN翻译有助于神经退行性变的证据。
Fragile X-associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) results from a CGG repeat expansion in the 5’UTR of FMR1. This repeat is thought to elicit toxicity as RNA yet disease brains contain ubiquitin-positive neuronal inclusions, a pathologic hallmark of protein-mediated neurodegeneration. We explain this paradox by demonstrating that CGG repeats trigger repeat associated non-AUG initiated (RAN) translation of a cryptic polyglycine-containing protein, FMRpolyG. FMRpolyG accumulates in ubiquitin-positive inclusions in Drosophila, cell culture, mouse disease models and FXTAS patient brains. CGG RAN translation occurs in at least two of three possible reading frames at repeat sizes ranging from normal (25) to pathogenic (90), but inclusion formation only occurs with expanded repeats. In Drosophila, CGG repeat toxicity is suppressed by eliminating RAN translation and enhanced by increased polyglycine protein production. These studies expand the growing list of nucleotide repeat disorders where RAN translation occurs and provide evidence that RAN translation contributes to neurodegeneration.
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