How Stress Influences the Dynamic Plasticity of the Brain's Extracellular Matrix.

How Stress Influences the Dynamic Plasticity of the Brain's Extracellular Matrix.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2021.814287
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Gould E
Gould E
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Laham BJ;Gould E

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弥散性和结构化的细胞外基质(ECM)占脑体积的约20%,在发育和成人可塑性中起重要作用。神经元周网(Perineuronalnets,PNNs)是一种围绕大脑中某些类型神经元的特殊ECM结构,在出生后出现,使其发育和维持对经验具有潜在的敏感性。最近的研究表明,压力影响弥漫性ECM以及PNN,并且这种影响取决于生命阶段和脑区域。鉴于ECM参与突触可塑性,神经元振荡的产生,以及跨脑区域的同步放电,所有这些都与认知和情绪调节有关,ECM组分可能是应激诱导的神经精神疾病的候选治疗靶点。这篇评论认为,在出生后的生活中的压力扩散和结构ECM的影响,重点是功能的结果和潜在的翻译相关性。
Diffuse and structured extracellular matrix (ECM) comprise ∼20% of the brain’s volume and play important roles in development and adult plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized ECM structures that surround certain types of neurons in the brain, emerge during the postnatal period, making their development and maintenance potentially sensitive to experience. Recent studies have shown that stress affects diffuse ECM as well as PNNs, and that such effects are dependent on life stage and brain region. Given that the ECM participates in synaptic plasticity, the generation of neuronal oscillations, and synchronous firing across brain regions, all of which have been linked to cognition and emotional regulation, ECM components may be candidate therapeutic targets for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disease. This review considers the influence of stress over diffuse and structured ECM during postnatal life with a focus on functional outcomes and the potential for translational relevance.
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