Combined Conventional Synthetic Disease Modifying Therapy vs. Infliximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emulating a Randomized Trial in Observational Data.

Combined Conventional Synthetic Disease Modifying Therapy vs. Infliximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emulating a Randomized Trial in Observational Data.
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DOI:
10.1002/cpt.2673
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发表时间:
2022-10
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Frisell, Thomas
Frisell, Thomas
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barbulescu, Andrei;Askling, Johan;Saevarsdottir, Saedis;Kim, Seoyoung C.;Frisell, Thomas

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观察性研究通常被认为对于评估相对治疗效果不可靠,但有人建议遵循目标试验方案可以减少偏差。使用瑞典风湿病学质量登记册 (SRQ) 中 2006 年至 2020 年间类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 患者的观察数据,我们模拟了瑞典 Farmacotherapy 试验 (SWEFOT) 的方案并比较了结果。 SWEFOT 是 2002 年至 2005 年间嵌套在 SRQ 中的一项务实试验,其中甲氨蝶呤 (MTX) 反应不足的患者被随机分配接受额外的英夫利昔单抗或柳氮磺吡啶 (SSZ) + 羟氯喹 (HCQ)。 RA 患者在 MTX 后开始使用英夫利昔单抗 (N = 313) 或 SSZ + HCQ (N = 196),在 SRQ 和处方药登记册中进行识别,模仿 SWEFOT 资格标准。主要结局是 9 个月时欧洲风湿病协会联盟 (EULAR) 良好反应者的比例,将停止治疗的患者归类为“无反应者”。通过敏感性分析,我们评估了放宽资格标准的影响。观察到的达到 EULAR 良好反应的比例与 SWEFOT 中报告的比例接近:英夫利昔单抗为 39%(相对于 SWEFOT 中的 39%),SSZ + HCQ 为 28%(相对于 SWEFOT 中的 25%)。粗观察响应比为 1.39(95% 置信区间 (CI) 1.04–1.86),混杂调整后增加至 1.48(95% CI 0.98–2.24),而 SWEFOT 中的响应比为 1.59(95% CI 1.10–2.30)。当放宽资格标准直至允许先前使用缓解病情抗风湿药物 (DMARD) 时,结果仍接近 SWEFOT,这减少了治疗之间观察到的差异。通过将预先指定的试验模拟方案应用于观察性临床登记数据,我们可以复制 SWEFOT 的结果,在 9 个月时,英夫利昔单抗优于 SSZ + HCQ 联合治疗。
Observational studies are often considered unreliable for evaluating relative treatment effectiveness, but it has been suggested that following target trial protocols could reduce bias. Using observational data from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (SRQ), between 2006 and 2020, we emulated the protocol of the Swedish Farmacotherapy trial (SWEFOT) and compared the results. SWEFOT was a pragmatic trial nested in SRQ, between 2002 and 2005, where methotrexate (MTX) insufficient responders were randomized to receive additional infliximab or sulfasalazine (SSZ) + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Patients with RA initiating infliximab (N = 313) or SSZ + HCQ (N = 196) after MTX were identified in SRQ and the Prescribed Drugs Register, mimicking the SWEFOT eligibility criteria. The primary outcome was the proportion of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) good responders at 9 months, classifying patients who discontinued treatment as “nonresponders.” Through sensitivity analyses, we assessed the impact of relaxing eligibility criteria. The observed proportions reaching EULAR good response were close to those reported in SWEFOT: 39% (vs. 39% in SWEFOT) for infliximab and 28% (vs. 25%) for SSZ + HCQ. The crude observed response ratio was 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.86), increasing to 1.48 (95% CI 0.98–2.24) after confounding adjustment, compared to 1.59 (95% CI 1.10–2.30) in SWEFOT. Results remained close to SWEFOT when relaxing eligibility criteria until allowing prior disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug (DMARD) use which reduced the observed difference between treatments. By applying a prespecified trial emulation protocol to observational clinical registry data, we could replicate the results of SWEFOT, favoring infliximab over SSZ + HCQ combination therapy at 9 months.
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