The gut as reservoir of antibiotic resistance: microbial diversity of tetracycline resistance in mother and infant.
The gut as reservoir of antibiotic resistance: microbial diversity of tetracycline resistance in mother and infant.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0021644
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Francino MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Vries LE;Vallès Y;Agersø Y;Vaishampayan PA;García-Montaner A;Kuehl JV;Christensen H;Barlow M;Francino MP
人类胃肠道（GIT）中的微生物群高度暴露于抗生素，可能是耐药菌株和可转移耐药基因的重要储存库。母系GIT菌株可遗传给后代，并可从出生获得抗性。这是一个案例研究，使用宏基因组方法来确定分娩后一个月健康母婴肠道中赋予四环素耐药性（Tcr）的微生物多样性，并调查Tcr基因水平转移和母体传播的可能性。对粪便化石文库进行Tcr功能筛选，并进一步进行pcr筛选特异性Tcr基因。对Tcr fosmid插入物两端进行测序以确定细菌多样性。母亲和婴儿文库包含Tcr，尽管编码的基因和生物体不同。母体Tcr主要由厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）组成，检出的主要基因为tet(O)，但也检出tet(W)和tet(X)。在不同细菌科甚至门中存在相同的Tcr基因序列，这可能表明母体GIT内存在水平转移。在婴儿文库中，Tcr仅存在于一种新型复合转座子Tn6079内携带tet(M), tet(L)和erm(T)的链球菌中。该转座子属于一个广泛宿主范围共轭元件家族，这意味着四环素和红霉素耐药性可能在婴儿肠道内联合传播。此外，虽然在婴儿宏基因组文库中没有发现tet(O)和tet(W)，但在从婴儿粪便样本中纯化的未克隆DNA中可以检测到tet(O)和tet(W)。这项研究首次揭示了人类肠道中Tcr细菌的多样性，检测了母体对婴儿GITs的抗生素耐药性的可能传播，并表明在同一个体的GITs中共同居住的远亲细菌之间可能发生基因转移。
The microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is highly exposed to antibiotics, and may be an important reservoir of resistant strains and transferable resistance genes. Maternal GIT strains can be transmitted to the offspring, and resistances could be acquired from birth. This is a case study using a metagenomic approach to determine the diversity of microorganisms conferring tetracycline resistance (Tcr) in the guts of a healthy mother-infant pair one month after childbirth, and to investigate the potential for horizontal transfer and maternal transmission of Tcr genes. Fecal fosmid libraries were functionally screened for Tcr, and further PCR-screened for specific Tcr genes. Tcr fosmid inserts were sequenced at both ends to establish bacterial diversity. Mother and infant libraries contained Tcr, although encoded by different genes and organisms. Tcr organisms in the mother consisted mainly of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and the main gene detected was tet(O), although tet(W) and tet(X) were also found. Identical Tcr gene sequences were present in different bacterial families and even phyla, which may indicate horizontal transfer within the maternal GIT. In the infant library, Tcr was present exclusively in streptococci carrying tet(M), tet(L) and erm(T) within a novel composite transposon, Tn6079. This transposon belongs to a family of broad host range conjugative elements, implying a potential for the joint spread of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance within the infant's gut. In addition, although not found in the infant metagenomic library, tet(O) and tet(W) could be detected in the uncloned DNA purified from the infant fecal sample. This is the first study to reveal the diversity of Tcr bacteria in the human gut, to detect a likely transmission of antibiotic resistance from mother to infant GITs and to indicate the possible occurrence of gene transfers among distantly related bacteria coinhabiting the GIT of the same individual.
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