The prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses and suicide among U.S. college students: Implications for addressing disparities in service use.
The prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses and suicide among U.S. college students: Implications for addressing disparities in service use.
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DOI：
10.1002/da.22830
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Chen JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu CH;Stevens C;Wong SHM;Yasui M;Chen JA
大学时期是一个更容易面临各种心理健康 (MH) 挑战的时期。常见精神疾病的发生发生在这个发育时期。据观察，美国大学生的抑郁、焦虑和自杀倾向有所增加。这项研究确定了近期美国大学生样本中 MH 诊断与自杀倾向的患病率及其相关性。 2015 年春季美国大学健康协会全国大学健康评估 (ACHA-NCHA) 调查评估了 108 个机构的美国本科生 (n = 67,308) 的 MH 诊断和自杀倾向。压力与自杀企图和 MH 诊断的可能性较大密切相关，即使在报告 1-2 次压力事件的学生中也是如此（OR [优势比]范围 1.6-2.6，CI [置信区间] = 1.2-3.2）。与异性恋和同性恋学生相比，双性恋学生更有可能报告 MH 诊断和自杀倾向（OR 范围 1.5-3.9，CI = 1.8-4.3），超过一半的学生有自杀意念和自残，超过四分之一的学生报告有自杀企图。与女性相比，跨性别学生的 MH 诊断率和自杀率更高（OR 范围 1.9-2.4，CI = 1.1-3.4）。与白人相比，少数族裔学生报告 MH 诊断的可能性通常较小，尽管自杀的可能性参差不齐。美国大学生中多重压力暴露的比例很高，以及压力对 MH 和自杀倾向的高度影响，表明迫切需要制定服务利用策略，特别是在种族/族裔、性别或性别少数群体中。校园必须考虑学生的经历，以减轻这一发展时期的压力。
The college years represent a period of increased vulnerability for a wide range of mental health (MH) challenges. The onset of common psychiatric conditions occurs during this period of development. Increases in depression, anxiety, and suicidality among U.S. college students have been observed. This study identified prevalence and correlates of MH diagnoses and suicidality in a recent sample of U.S. college students. The Spring 2015 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) survey assessed MH diagnoses and suicidality from U.S. undergraduate students (n = 67,308) across 108 institutions. Stress was strongly associated with a greater likelihood of suicide attempts and MH diagnoses, even among students reporting 1–2 stressful events (OR [odds ratio] range 1.6–2.6, CI [confidence interval] = 1.2–3.2). Bisexual students were more likely to report MH diagnoses and suicidality, compared to heterosexual and gay/lesbian students (OR range 1.5–3.9, CI = 1.8–4.3), with over half engaging in suicidal ideation and self-harm, and over a quarter reporting suicide attempts. Transgender students reported a higher rate of MH diagnoses and suicidality relative to females (OR range 1.9–2.4, CI = 1.1–3.4). Racial/ethnic minority students were generally less likely to report MH diagnoses relative to Whites, although the likelihood for suicidality was mixed. The high rate of multiple stress exposures among the U.S. college population and the high impacts of stress on MH and suicidality point to an urgent need for service utilization strategies, especially among racial/ethnic, sexual, or gender minorities. Campuses must consider student experiences to mitigate stress during this developmental period.
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