Human Pathophysiological Adaptations to the Space Environment.
Human Pathophysiological Adaptations to the Space Environment.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2017.00547
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Angeloni D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demontis GC;Germani MM;Caiani EG;Barravecchia I;Passino C;Angeloni D
太空对于人体来说是一个极端的环境，在长期任务中，微重力和高辐射水平对宇航员的健康构成了主要威胁。有趣的是，太空飞行（SF）对经过精心挑选、训练有素的健康个体（宇航员和宇航员）的身体施加了类似于加速衰老过程和某些疾病的病理生理适应性变化。这种影响在暴露于失重状态下数周（即心血管功能失调）到数月（即骨密度下降和肌肉萎缩）的时间跨度内变得明显，可以通过在 SF 期间采取适当的对策来减少，并且在着陆后在适当的时候大多是可逆的。基于这些考虑，越来越多的人认为 SF 可能提供对某些病理生理过程的机制洞察，这是前疾病学医学感兴趣的概念。在本文中，我们将回顾太空中遇到的主要压力因素及其对人体的影响，并将讨论太空探索中可能吸取的教训，以参考地球上的人类健康。事实上，这是一项富有成效的、交叉受精的努力，在地球上进行的研究产生了保护宇航员健康的对策，而太空研究又转化为地球人口的健康措施。
Space is an extreme environment for the human body, where during long-term missions microgravity and high radiation levels represent major threats to crew health. Intriguingly, space flight (SF) imposes on the body of highly selected, well-trained, and healthy individuals (astronauts and cosmonauts) pathophysiological adaptive changes akin to an accelerated aging process and to some diseases. Such effects, becoming manifest over a time span of weeks (i.e., cardiovascular deconditioning) to months (i.e., loss of bone density and muscle atrophy) of exposure to weightlessness, can be reduced through proper countermeasures during SF and in due time are mostly reversible after landing. Based on these considerations, it is increasingly accepted that SF might provide a mechanistic insight into certain pathophysiological processes, a concept of interest to pre-nosological medicine. In this article, we will review the main stress factors encountered in space and their impact on the human body and will also discuss the possible lessons learned with space exploration in reference to human health on Earth. In fact, this is a productive, cross-fertilized, endeavor in which studies performed on Earth yield countermeasures for protection of space crew health, and space research is translated into health measures for Earth-bound population.
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影响因子：
13.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
Norsk, P
影响因子：
3
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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