Transglutaminase 2: a molecular Swiss army knife.
Transglutaminase 2: a molecular Swiss army knife.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.09.012
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发表时间：
2012-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnson GV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gundemir S;Colak G;Tucholski J;Johnson GV
转氨酶2（TG 2）是转氨酶家族中分布最广泛的成员，体内几乎所有细胞类型都不同程度地表达TG 2。除了被广泛表达之外，TG 2是一种表现出转酰胺、蛋白质二硫化物异构酶以及鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤核苷酸结合和水解活性的极其通用的蛋白质。TG 2还可以充当蛋白质支架或接头。这种独特的蛋白质也经历了极端的构象变化，并表现出定位的多样性。主要是一种胞质蛋白;也存在于细胞核中，与细胞膜（内侧和外侧）和线粒体相关，也存在于细胞外基质中。这些不同的活动，构象和本地化需要仔细考虑，同时评估TG 2在生理和病理过程中的作用。例如，越来越明显的是，TG 2在细胞死亡过程中的作用取决于细胞类型、刺激、亚细胞定位和蛋白质的构象状态。在这篇综述中，我们深入讨论了TG 2的构象和功能多样性的背景下，它在许多细胞过程中的作用。特别是，我们已经强调了如何差异定位，构象和活动的TG 2可以明显介导细胞死亡过程。
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is the most widely distributed member of the transglutaminase family with almost all cell types in the body expressing TG2 to varying extents. In addition to being widely expressed, TG2 is an extremely versatile protein exhibiting transamidating, protein disulphide isomerase and guanine and adenine nucleotide binding and hydrolyzing activities. TG2 can also act as a protein scaffold or linker. This unique protein also undergoes extreme conformational changes and exhibits localization diversity. Being mainly a cytosolic protein; it is also found in the nucleus, associated with the cell membrane (inner and outer side) and with the mitochondria, and also in the extracellular matrix. These different activities, conformations and localization need to be carefully considered while assessing the role of TG2 in physiological and pathological processes. For example, it is becoming evident that the role of TG2 in cell death processes is dependent upon the cell type, stimuli, subcellular localization and conformational state of the protein. In this review we discuss in depth the conformational and functional diversity of TG2 in the context of its role in numerous cellular processes. In particular, we have highlighted how differential localization, conformation and activities of TG2 may distinctly mediate cell death processes.
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