Mass loss from inhomogeneous hot star winds III. An effective-opacity formalism for line radiative transfer in accelerating, clumped two-component media, and first results on theory and diagnostics
Mass loss from inhomogeneous hot star winds III. An effective-opacity formalism for line radiative transfer in accelerating, clumped two-component media, and first results on theory and diagnostics
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不均匀热星风的质量损失 III 加速、聚集的双组分介质中线辐射传输的有效不透明形式主义,以及理论和诊断的第一个结果
DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201423570
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Owocki S.P.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sundqvist J.O;Puls. J;Owocki S.P.
AimsWe provide a fast and easy-to-use formalism for treating the reduction in effective opacity associated with optically thick clumps in an accelerating two-component medium.MethodsWe develop and benchmark effective-opacity laws for continuum and line radiative transfer that bridge the limits of optically thin and thick clumps. We then use this formalism to i) design a simple method for modeling and analyzing UV wind resonance lines in hot, massive stars, and ii) derive simple correction factors to the line force driving the outflows of such stars.ResultsUsing a vorosity-modified Sobolev with exact integration (vmSEI) method, we show that, for a given ionization factor, UV resonance doublets may be used to analytically predict the upward corrections in empirically inferred mass-loss rates associated with porosity in velocity space (a.k.a. velocity-porosity, or vorosity). However, we also show the presence of a solution degeneracy: in a two-component clumped wind with given inter-clump medium density, there are always two different solutions producing the same synthetic doublet profile. We demonstrate this by application to SiIV and PV in B and O supergiants and derive, for an inter-clump density set to 1% of the mean density, upward empirical mass-loss corrections of typically factors of either ~5 or ~50, depending on which of the two solutions is chosen. Overall, our results indicate that this solution dichotomy severely limits the use of UV resonance lines as direct mass-loss indicators in current diagnostic models of clumped hot stellar winds. We next apply the effective line-opacity formalism to the standard CAK theory of line-driven winds. A simple vorosity correction factor to the CAK line force is derived, which for normalized velocity filling factorfvelsimply scales asfvelα, whereαis the slope of the CAK line-strength distribution function. By analytic and numerical hydrodynamics calculations, we further show that in cases where vorosity is important at the critical point setting the mass-loss rate, the reduced line force leads to a lower theoretical mass loss, by simply a factorfvel. On the other hand, if vorosity is important only above this critical point, the predicted mass loss is not affected, but the wind terminal speed is reduced, by a factor scaling asfvelα/(2−2α). This shows that porosity in velocity space can have a significant impact not only on the diagnostics, but also on the dynamics and theory of radiatively driven winds.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Sundqvist;S. Owocki
通讯作者:
S. Owocki
影响因子:
6.5
作者:
F. Najarro;M. Hanson;J. Puls
通讯作者:
J. Puls
DOI:
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发表时间:
1995
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
K. Gayley
通讯作者:
K. Gayley
影响因子:
4.8
作者:
Cohen D.H;Wollman;Leutenegger;Sundqvist J.O;Fullerton A.W;Zsargo;Owocki
通讯作者:
Owocki
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2008
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Zsargó;D. Hillier;J. Bouret;Thierry Lanz;M. Leutenegger;David H. Cohen
通讯作者:
David H. Cohen