Human Amplified Changes in Precipitation-Runoff Patterns in Large River Basins of The Midwestern United States
Human Amplified Changes in Precipitation-Runoff Patterns in Large River Basins of The Midwestern United States
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人类活动放大了美国中西部大河流域降水径流模式的变化
DOI：
10.5194/hess-2017-133
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
E. Foufoula‐Georgiou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Kelly;Zeinab Takbiri;P. Belmont;E. Foufoula‐Georgiou
.自19世纪以来，土地覆盖从草原、湿地和阔叶林到散布在城市中心的同质行播农业的完全转变被认为引起了美国中西部上游水文的深刻变化。土地利用和排水措施的持续强化，加上降水量的增加，使许多中西部流域今天的流量比历史上的要高。虽然在过去几十年中，作物类型和耕作方法的变化已经有了很好的记录，但人工地表（沟渠）和地下（瓦片）排水系统的变化却没有。这使得很难从数量上理清气候变化和人工排水强化对观测到的水文变化的影响，往往会引发有争议的解释，对管理行动产生重大影响。在这项研究中，我们调查了四个大的（23000 - 69000平方公里）中西部河流15流域，跨越气候和土地利用梯度，以了解气候和农业排水如何影响流域水文在过去的79年。我们使用每日，每月和每年的流量指标来记录流量变化，并在气候和土地利用变化的背景下讨论这些变化。虽然我们检测到类似的时间在每个流域的降水和径流量的变化，总体上的降水量变化的幅度和意义远远小于我们检测到的径流量。在包含超过20%的瓷砖和沟渠排水面积的流域中，我们观察到低流量增加2至4倍，高流量和极端流量增加1.5至3倍。每个流域的某些月份的月降水量略有增加，主要是在秋季和冬季（8月至3月），但北部（RRB）流域所有月份的月总流量都有所增加。MRB、IRB和RRB报告的流量增加幅度很大（18%-318%），对河道调整、泥沙和营养盐输运具有重要意义。在承认人工排水对河流流量、沉积物和营养物的经济效益和明显的有害影响的同时，我们质疑是否有任何其他人类活动已经改变了关键区的活动，同时仍然基本上不受管制和没有记录。我们认为，更好的文件，现有的和未来的排水瓦和沟渠安装是非常需要的。在大的景观尺度上发生变化。后时期。这些结果是一致的，我们的假设，20 LULC的变化，在MRB，RRB，和IRB必然会改变如何将降水转化为径流量和降水量的增加单独不能解释这些流域的径流量的变化。没有普遍的LULC的影响，在CRB，而降水略有增加，在CRB，流量并没有改变，可能是由于土壤水分，地下水，和/或湖泊，湿地和水库蓄水量和/或蒸散量增加。图10中所示的储存量的季节性变化表明，春季和夏季的土壤水分、地下水和/或湖泊、湿地和水库储存量为负值（没有足够的P和ET a来产生观测到的流量），而秋季为正值（P和ET a比产生观测到的流量所需的更多，因此秋季储存量增加）。
. Complete transformations of land cover from prairie, wetlands, and hardwood forests to homogenous row crop agriculture scattered with urban centers are thought to have caused profound changes in hydrology in the Upper Midwestern US since the 1800s. Continued intensification of land use and drainage practices combined with increased precipitation have 10 caused many Midwest watersheds to exhibit higher streamflows today than in the historical past. While changes in crop type and farming practices have been well documented over the past few decades, changes in artificial surface (ditch) and subsurface (tile) drainage systems have not. This makes it difficult to quantitatively disentangle the effects of climate change and artificial drainage intensification on the observed hydrologic change, often spurring controversial interpretations with significant implications for management actions. In this study, we investigate four large (23,000-69,000 km 2 ) Midwest river 15 basins that span climate and land use gradients to understand how climate and agricultural drainage have influenced basin hydrology over the last 79 years. We use daily, monthly, and annual flow metrics to document streamflow changes and discuss those changes in the context of climate and land use change. While we detect similar timing of precipitation and streamflow changes in each basin, overall the magnitude and significance of precipitation changes are much less than we detect for streamflows. Of the basins containing greater than 20% area drained by tile and ditches, we observe 2 to 4 fold 20 increases in low flows and 1.5 to 3 fold increases in high and extreme flows. Monthly precipitation has increased slightly for some months in each basin, mostly in fall and winter months (August – March), but total monthly streamflow has increased in all months for the of the North (RRB) basins. The reported streamflow increases in the MRB, IRB, and RRB are large (18%-318%), and should have important implications for channel adjustment and sediment and nutrient transport. Acknowledging both economic benefits and apparent detrimental impacts of artificial drainage on river flows, sediments, and nutrients, we question whether any other human activity has comparably altered critical zone activities, while remaining largely unregulated and undocumented. We argue that better documentation of existing and future drain tile and ditch installation is 5 greatly needed. change at the large landscape scale. and post-period. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that 20 LULC changes in the MRB, RRB, and IRB necessarily change how precipitation is transformed into streamflow and that increases in precipitation alone cannot explain changes in streamflow in these basins. Without pervasive LULC impacts in the CRB, while precipitation has increased slightly in the CRB, flows have not changed, likely due to increases in soil moisture, groundwater, and/or lake, wetland and reservoir storage and/or increases in evapotranspiration. Seasonal changes in storage shown in Fig. 10 suggest that soil moisture, groundwater, and/or lake, wetland, and reservoir storage in the spring 25 and summer is negative (not enough P and ET a to produce observed flows) and positive in the fall (more P and ET a than necessary to produce observed flows and thus an increase in storage during the fall).
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影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Liu;C. Jacobi;P. Hoffmann;G. Stober;E. Merzlyakov
通讯作者：
R. Liu;C. Jacobi;P. Hoffmann;G. Stober;E. Merzlyakov
识别明尼苏达州东南部根河的沉积物源和汇
DOI：
10.1080/00045608.2013.843434
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Annals of the Association of American Geographers
影响因子：
--
作者：
Stout, Justin C.;Belmont, Patrick;Schottler, Shawn P.;Willenbring, Jane K.
通讯作者：
Willenbring, Jane K.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1320008111
发表时间：
2014-04-08
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Guanter, Luis;Zhang, Yongguang;Griffis, Timothy J.
通讯作者：
Griffis, Timothy J.
冰后基准面突然下降后的景观演变、山谷开挖和阶地开发
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Gran, K. B.;Finnegan, N.;Johnson, A. L.;Belmont, P.;Wittkop, C.;Rittenour, T.
通讯作者：
Rittenour, T.
景观尺度地貌变化检测：量化空间变化的不确定性并规避遗留数据问题
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Schaffrath, Keelin R.;Belmont, Patrick;Wheaton, Joseph M.
通讯作者：
Wheaton, Joseph M.