Lipids as modulators of membrane fusion mediated by viral fusion proteins.
Lipids as modulators of membrane fusion mediated by viral fusion proteins.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00249-007-0201-z
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发表时间：
2007-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pécheur EI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Teissier E;Pécheur EI
有包膜病毒通过病毒与靶膜的融合来感染宿主细胞。这种融合事件是由病毒包膜中的特定糖蛋白触发的。融合糖蛋白属于 I 类、II 类或新描述的第三类，具体取决于它们在病毒体表面的排列、三维结构以及称为融合肽的一小段疏水性氨基酸在蛋白质内的位置，融合肽能够在融合开始时诱导初始脂质不稳定。对于pH不依赖的病毒，病毒融合发生在质膜上；对于pH依赖的病毒，病毒融合发生在内体膜上。尽管病毒融合蛋白分为三类，并且融合的亚细胞定位可能有所不同，但这些蛋白必须共同作用于脂质组装体。脂质通过其物理、机械和/或化学特性有助于融合。因此，脂质可以作为化学定义的实体发挥作用，或者通过它们优先分配到称为“筏”的膜微域中，或者通过调节融合过程中涉及的膜的曲率。本综述的目的是对胆固醇、鞘脂和糖脂在许多病毒家族的细胞进入和膜融合中的贡献的最新发现进行最新研究，这些病毒家族的成员携带I类或II类融合蛋白，或最近发现的第三类融合蛋白。
Enveloped viruses infect host cells by fusion of viral and target membranes. This fusion event is triggered by specific glycoproteins in the viral envelope. Fusion glycoproteins belong to either class I, class II or the newly described third class, depending upon their arrangement at the surface of the virion, their tri-dimensional structure and the location within the protein of a short stretch of hydrophobic amino acids called the fusion peptide, which is able to induce the initial lipid destabilization at the onset of fusion. Viral fusion occurs either with the plasma membrane for pH-independent viruses, or with the endosomal membranes for pH-dependent viruses. Although, viral fusion proteins are parted in three classes and the subcellular localization of fusion might vary, these proteins have to act, in common, on lipid assemblies. Lipids contribute to fusion through their physical, mechanical and/or chemical properties. Lipids can thus play a role as chemically defined entities, or through their preferential partitioning into membrane microdomains called “rafts”, or by modulating the curvature of the membranes involved in the fusion process. The purpose of this review is to make a state of the art on recent findings on the contribution of cholesterol, sphingolipids and glycolipids in cell entry and membrane fusion of a number of viral families, whose members bear either class I or class II fusion proteins, or fusion proteins of the recently discovered third class.
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