Analysis of the novel NCWELL database highlights two decades of co-occurrence of toxic metals in North Carolina private well water: Public health and environmental justice implications.
Analysis of the novel NCWELL database highlights two decades of co-occurrence of toxic metals in North Carolina private well water: Public health and environmental justice implications.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151479
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发表时间：
2022-03-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Fry, Rebecca C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eaves, Lauren A.;Keil, Alexander P.;Rager, Julia E.;George, Andrew;Fry, Rebecca C.
私人水井用户特别容易受到金属暴露的影响，因为他们不受《安全饮用水法》的保护。在北卡罗来纳州，大约有240万人依赖私人井水。在本研究中，我们构建了NCWELL数据库：一个包含北卡罗来纳州20年来117,960个地理编码井水测试的综合数据库，包括28种金属/类金属。对NCWELL数据库进行了分析，以确定北卡罗来纳州私人井中单一和共同发生的有毒金属污染的关注区域。将有毒金属含量与依赖井水的居民比例相结合，计算出县级高危人口排名。此外，k-均值分析用于确定有毒金属临界共存的县。这些结果突出表明，无机砷（iAs）和铅（Pb）分别在2500多次和3000多次测试中被检测出高于EPA标准的10和15 ppb。令人震惊的是，砷含量高达806 ppb，铅含量高达105440 ppb。在北卡罗来纳州的所有井水测试中，检测到锰（Mn）高于EPA终身健康咨询限值的比例为4.9%，高于二级最大污染物水平的比例为24.3%，最高浓度为46,300 ppb。基于混合物的分析确定了四个不同的县簇，一个县具有高iAs和Mn，另一个县具有高Pb。在二十年期间，金属水平仍然很高，表明在令人关切的地区持续受到污染。本研究为北卡罗来纳州的研究人员和相关公民提供了一个新的数据库，展示了一种确定单一和多种污染物优先地理区域的方法，并对北卡罗来纳州的环境正义产生了影响，因为通过私人井水接触金属仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题。
Private well users are particularly vulnerable to metal exposure as they are not protected by the Safe Drinking Water Act. In North Carolina (NC), approximately 2.4 million individuals rely on private well water. In the present study, we constructed the NCWELL database: a comprehensive database of 117,960 geocoded well water tests over twenty-years in NC inclusive of 28 metals/metalloids. The NCWELL database was analyzed to identify areas of concern for single and co-occurring toxic metal contamination of private wells in NC. County-level population-at-risk rankings were calculated by combining toxic metal levels and the proportion of residents relying on well water. Additionally, k-means analysis was used to identify counties with critical co-occurrence of toxic metals. These results highlight that inorganic arsenic (iAs) and lead (Pb) were detected above the EPA standards of 10 and 15 ppb in over 2,500 and over 3,000 tests, respectively. Shockingly, iAs was observed at levels up to 806 ppb and Pb at levels up to 105,440 ppb. Manganese (Mn) was detected above the EPA lifetime Health Advisory Limit in 4.9% and above the secondary Maximum Contaminant Level in 24.3% of all well water tests in NC, with a maximum concentration of 46,300 ppb reported. Mixtures-based analysis identified four distinct clusters of counties, one demonstrating high iAs and Mn and another with high Pb. Over the twenty-year period, metal levels remained high, indicative of sustained contamination in areas of concern. This study provides a novel database for researchers and concerned citizens in NC, demonstrates a methodology for identifying priority geographic regions for single and multiple contaminants, and has environmental justice implications in NC where metal exposure via private well water remains a serious public health concern.
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影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Kim, MJ;Nriagu, J;Haack, S
通讯作者：
Haack, S
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
ANDREWS, KW;SAVITZ, DA;HERTZPICCIOTTO, I
通讯作者：
HERTZPICCIOTTO, I
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Ayotte, JD;Montgomery, DL;Robinson, KW
通讯作者：
Robinson, KW
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Flanagan, Sara V.;Spayd, Steven E.;Zheng, Yan
通讯作者：
Zheng, Yan
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y