Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling improves occurrence and detection estimates of invasive burmese pythons.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling improves occurrence and detection estimates of invasive burmese pythons.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0121655
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hart KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunter ME;Oyler-McCance SJ;Dorazio RM;Fike JA;Smith BJ;Hunter CT;Reed RN;Hart KM
环境DNA（eDNA）方法用于检测由隐蔽或低密度物种脱落到水生环境中的DNA。在eDNA研究中，占用模型可以用来估计发生和检测概率，从而解释不完美的检测。然而，占用术语在eDNA研究中的应用并不一致，许多人在计算发生概率时没有考虑不完美检测的影响。低检测的入侵巨型蟒蛇使用目视调查和陷阱，阻碍了估计占用和检测估计所需的人口管理在美国南部佛罗里达。巨型蟒蛇对本土物种和佛罗里达大沼泽地的生态恢复构成威胁。为了帮助检测，我们开发了使用定量PCR（qPCR）的缅甸蟒蛇（Python molurus bivittatus）、北方非洲蟒蛇（P. sevitus）、蟒蛇（Boa constructor）以及绿色（Eunectes murinus）和黄色水蟒（E. notaeus）。缅甸蟒、北方非洲蟒和大蟒蛇已经建立并繁殖，而绿色和黄色水蟒有可能成为建立。我们验证了蟒蛇和蟒蛇的实验室试验，并测试了所有物种分布在8个南部佛罗里达地区的21个现场位置。在63个现场采样事件中，有37个检测到缅甸蟒eDNA，但未检测到其他物种。虽然eDNA在环境中的分布是不均匀的，但占用模型能够提供检测概率的第一个估计值，该估计值大于91%。缅甸蟒eDNA检测沿着领先的北方边缘的已知人口边界。信息检测工具和eDNA占用模型的发展，可以提高在南部佛罗里达的保护工作，并支持更广泛的研究入侵收缩。通用的抽样设计和术语，提出了标准化和澄清基于eDNA的占用模型的解释。
Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are used to detect DNA that is shed into the aquatic environment by cryptic or low density species. Applied in eDNA studies, occupancy models can be used to estimate occurrence and detection probabilities and thereby account for imperfect detection. However, occupancy terminology has been applied inconsistently in eDNA studies, and many have calculated occurrence probabilities while not considering the effects of imperfect detection. Low detection of invasive giant constrictors using visual surveys and traps has hampered the estimation of occupancy and detection estimates needed for population management in southern Florida, USA. Giant constrictor snakes pose a threat to native species and the ecological restoration of the Florida Everglades. To assist with detection, we developed species-specific eDNA assays using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus), Northern African python (P. sebae), boa constrictor (Boa constrictor), and the green (Eunectes murinus) and yellow anaconda (E. notaeus). Burmese pythons, Northern African pythons, and boa constrictors are established and reproducing, while the green and yellow anaconda have the potential to become established. We validated the python and boa constrictor assays using laboratory trials and tested all species in 21 field locations distributed in eight southern Florida regions. Burmese python eDNA was detected in 37 of 63 field sampling events; however, the other species were not detected. Although eDNA was heterogeneously distributed in the environment, occupancy models were able to provide the first estimates of detection probabilities, which were greater than 91%. Burmese python eDNA was detected along the leading northern edge of the known population boundary. The development of informative detection tools and eDNA occupancy models can improve conservation efforts in southern Florida and support more extensive studies of invasive constrictors. Generic sampling design and terminology are proposed to standardize and clarify interpretations of eDNA-based occupancy models.
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