Distinct facial expressions represent pain and pleasure across cultures.
Distinct facial expressions represent pain and pleasure across cultures.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1807862115
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发表时间：
2018-10-23
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Jack RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen C;Crivelli C;Garrod OGB;Schyns PG;Fernández-Dols JM;Jack RE
人类经常使用面部表情来传达社会信息。然而，观察性研究报告称，经历疼痛或性高潮的人会产生难以区分的面部表情，这对它们作为有效沟通工具的作用提出了质疑。在这里，我们使用一种新的数据驱动方法来研究这一违反直觉的发现，以模拟来自两种不同文化的个体的疼痛和高潮面部表情的心理表征。使用互补分析，我们表明，疼痛和性高潮的表征是不同的，在每一种文化。我们还表明，疼痛是表示与跨文化相似的面部运动，而高潮显示差异。因此，我们的研究结果为理解疼痛和高潮的面部表情可能的沟通作用以及文化如何塑造它们的表现提供了信息。真实世界的研究表明，疼痛和高潮两种不同的强烈情感体验所产生的面部表情实际上是无法区分的。然而，这一发现是违反直觉的，因为面部表情被广泛认为是社交互动的有力工具。因此，关于这些极端积极和消极情感状态的面部表情是否具有交际功能的争论仍在继续。在这里，我们从一个新的角度来解决这场争论，通过使用数据驱动的方法，在两种文化（西方，东亚）的40名观察者中对疼痛和高潮的动态面部表情的心理表征进行建模。使用机器学习的互补方法，信息理论分析和人类感知辨别任务，我们表明，疼痛和性高潮的心理表征在每种文化中在身体和感知上都是不同的。跨文化比较还显示，疼痛在不同文化中表现为相似的面部动作，而高潮则表现出不同的文化口音。总之，我们的数据表明，疼痛和高潮的面部表情的心理表征是不同的，这对它们的非诊断性提出了质疑，相反，这表明它们可以用于交流目的。我们的研究结果还强调了文化和感知因素在塑造这些面部表情的心理表征中的潜在作用。我们讨论了新的研究方向，以进一步探索它们与面部表情产生的关系。
Humans often use facial expressions to communicate social messages. However, observational studies report that people experiencing pain or orgasm produce facial expressions that are indistinguishable, which questions their role as an effective tool for communication. Here, we investigate this counterintuitive finding using a new data-driven approach to model the mental representations of facial expressions of pain and orgasm in individuals from two different cultures. Using complementary analyses, we show that representations of pain and orgasm are distinct in each culture. We also show that pain is represented with similar face movements across cultures, whereas orgasm shows differences. Our findings therefore inform understanding of the possible communicative role of facial expressions of pain and orgasm, and how culture could shape their representation. Real-world studies show that the facial expressions produced during pain and orgasm—two different and intense affective experiences—are virtually indistinguishable. However, this finding is counterintuitive, because facial expressions are widely considered to be a powerful tool for social interaction. Consequently, debate continues as to whether the facial expressions of these extreme positive and negative affective states serve a communicative function. Here, we address this debate from a novel angle by modeling the mental representations of dynamic facial expressions of pain and orgasm in 40 observers in each of two cultures (Western, East Asian) using a data-driven method. Using a complementary approach of machine learning, an information-theoretic analysis, and a human perceptual discrimination task, we show that mental representations of pain and orgasm are physically and perceptually distinct in each culture. Cross-cultural comparisons also revealed that pain is represented by similar face movements across cultures, whereas orgasm showed distinct cultural accents. Together, our data show that mental representations of the facial expressions of pain and orgasm are distinct, which questions their nondiagnosticity and instead suggests they could be used for communicative purposes. Our results also highlight the potential role of cultural and perceptual factors in shaping the mental representation of these facial expressions. We discuss new research directions to further explore their relationship to the production of facial expressions.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Fernandez-Dols, Jose-Miguel;Crivelli, Carlos
通讯作者：
Crivelli, Carlos
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Aviezer, Hillel;Trope, Yaacov;Todorov, Alexander
通讯作者：
Todorov, Alexander
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1716084115
发表时间：
2018-04-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Benitez-Quiroz CF;Srinivasan R;Martinez AM
通讯作者：
Martinez AM
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
GALIN, KE;THORN, BE
通讯作者：
THORN, BE
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Fernandez-Dols, Jose-Miguel;Carrera, Pilar;Crivelli, Carlos
通讯作者：
Crivelli, Carlos