A cross-sectional ecological analysis of international and sub-national health inequalities in commercial geospatial resource availability.
A cross-sectional ecological analysis of international and sub-national health inequalities in commercial geospatial resource availability.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12942-018-0134-z
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发表时间：
2018-05-23
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Wright J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dotse-Gborgbortsi W;Wardrop N;Adewole A;Thomas MLH;Wright J
商业地理空间数据资源经常用于了解医疗保健利用情况。虽然有广泛的证据表明其他数字资源和基础设施存在数字鸿沟，但尚不清楚商业地理空间数据资源相对于健康需求的分布情况。为了研究商业地理空间数据资源相对于健康需求的分布，我们为183个国家收集了商业地理编码，邻里特征和旅行时间计算资源的覆盖范围和质量指标。我们开发了一个国家级的商业地理空间数据质量/可用性综合指数，并使用两个不平等指标（不平等的斜率指数和相对集中指数）检查了其相对于年龄标准化全因和特定原因（三个主要死因）死亡率的分布。在两个次国家的案例研究中，我们还研究了地理编码的成功率与地区的剥夺在东部地区，加纳和拉各斯州，尼日利亚。在国际上，商业地理空间数据资源与全因死亡率成反比。在检查传染病造成的死亡率时，这种关系更为明显。用于计算患者出行时间的商业地理空间数据资源相对于健康需求的分布比用于描述社区特征或对患者地址进行地理编码的资源更公平。南非等国尽管死亡率高，但商业地理空间数据的可用性相对较高，而韩国等国的数据可用性相对较低，死亡率较低。在次国家一级，关于地理编码成功率是否在较贫困地区最低的证据喜忧参半。据我们所知，这是第一次对与健康结果有关的商业地理空间数据资源进行全球分析。在南非等国家，死亡率高，但商业地理空间数据相对丰富，这些数据资源是检查医疗保健利用的潜在资源，需要进一步评估。在塞拉利昂等国，死亡率很高，但商业地理空间数据很少，因此需要采取其他办法，如使用开放数据，以量化患者旅行时间，对患者地址进行地理编码，并描述患者的社区特征。本文的在线版本（10.1186/s12942-018-0134-z）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Commercial geospatial data resources are frequently used to understand healthcare utilisation. Although there is widespread evidence of a digital divide for other digital resources and infra-structure, it is unclear how commercial geospatial data resources are distributed relative to health need. To examine the distribution of commercial geospatial data resources relative to health needs, we assembled coverage and quality metrics for commercial geocoding, neighbourhood characterisation, and travel time calculation resources for 183 countries. We developed a country-level, composite index of commercial geospatial data quality/availability and examined its distribution relative to age-standardised all-cause and cause specific (for three main causes of death) mortality using two inequality metrics, the slope index of inequality and relative concentration index. In two sub-national case studies, we also examined geocoding success rates versus area deprivation by district in Eastern Region, Ghana and Lagos State, Nigeria. Internationally, commercial geospatial data resources were inversely related to all-cause mortality. This relationship was more pronounced when examining mortality due to communicable diseases. Commercial geospatial data resources for calculating patient travel times were more equitably distributed relative to health need than resources for characterising neighbourhoods or geocoding patient addresses. Countries such as South Africa have comparatively high commercial geospatial data availability despite high mortality, whilst countries such as South Korea have comparatively low data availability and low mortality. Sub-nationally, evidence was mixed as to whether geocoding success was lowest in more deprived districts. To our knowledge, this is the first global analysis of commercial geospatial data resources in relation to health outcomes. In countries such as South Africa where there is high mortality but also comparatively rich commercial geospatial data, these data resources are a potential resource for examining healthcare utilisation that requires further evaluation. In countries such as Sierra Leone where there is high mortality but minimal commercial geospatial data, alternative approaches such as open data use are needed in quantifying patient travel times, geocoding patient addresses, and characterising patients’ neighbourhoods. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12942-018-0134-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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4.9
作者：
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