Old dogs, new tricks: New insights into the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
Old dogs, new tricks: New insights into the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111748
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kehl-Fie, Thomas E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frye, Katie A.;Sendra, Kacper M.;Waldron, Kevin J.;Kehl-Fie, Thomas E.
超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）是一种古老的酶，具有广泛的重要性，存在于所有生命领域。自其首次被描述以来的50多年里，人们对这些重要的酶有了很多深入的了解，但最近在微生物致病机制背景下的研究得出了一些挑战长期既定观点的发现。细菌病原体所编码的SOD种类在数量和金属依赖性方面是多样的，包括铜、铜锌、锰、铁以及兼性金属利用的酶。其他细菌还拥有镍依赖性SOD。SOD的区室化只是部分解释了它们的多样性。病原体在感染过程中遇到的不同恶劣环境（包括那些必需金属受限的环境）中维持SOD活性的需求，也是其种类多样性的一个驱动因素。利用致病微生物进行的SOD研究还揭示了在最常见的SOD家族中金属特异性可以轻易改变的明显生化现象。总之，这些研究揭示了SOD进化的动态性质，既包括单个SOD酶可以改变其金属特异性以适应细胞内金属可利用性的波动，也包括细胞的SOD同工酶种类可以差异表达以适应生态位中环境金属可利用性的波动。
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are ancient enzymes of widespread importance present in all domains of life. Many insights have been gained into these important enzymes over the 50 years since their initial description, but recent studies in the context of microbial pathogenesis have resulted in findings that challenge long established dogmas. The repertoire of SODs that bacterial pathogens encode is diverse both in number and in metal dependencies, including copper, copper and zinc, manganese, iron, and cambialistic enzymes. Other bacteria also possess nickel dependent SODs. Compartmentalization of SODs only partially explains their diversity. The need for pathogens to maintain SOD activity across distinct hostile environments encountered during infection, including those limited for essential metals, is also a driver of repertoire diversity. SOD research using pathogenic microbes has also revealed the apparent biochemical ease with which metal specificity can change within the most common family of SODs. Collectively, these studies are revealing the dynamic nature of SOD evolution, both that of individual SOD enzymes that can change their metal specificity to adapt to fluctuating cellular metal availability, and of a cell’s repertoire of SOD isozymes that can be differentially expressed to adapt to fluctuating environmental metal availability in a niche.
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