Evolving disaster governance paradigms in Nepal
Evolving disaster governance paradigms in Nepal
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尼泊尔不断发展的灾害治理范式
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101911
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Vij S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vij S
本文旨在解释尼泊尔已经出现和目前存在的各种灾害治理范式。灾害治理范式是一套全面的流行的和制度化的思想，这些思想形成了最终在实地实施的灾害计划和政策。尼泊尔在国家、省和地方各级制定了各种灾害计划和政策，但在灾害风险防范方面存在重大差距，每年的洪水和山体滑坡继续造成生命损失和严重的基础设施破坏。在本文中，我们通过政策文件分析和对关键政策参与者的半结构化访谈，展示了灾害治理范式在1982年至2019年间的演变。研究发现，尼泊尔存在四种主要的灾害治理范式：(1)响应与恢复；(2)灾害风险降低与管理；(3)综合适应气候变化和减少灾害风险；(4)联邦减灾。本研究的结果表明，多个国家和非国家行为体，如关键的政府部门、非政府组织、国际非政府组织和其他民间社会行为体，正在争夺资源，并且在促进不同的灾害治理范式方面存在持续的行政斗争。各种民间社会行动者一直在推动尼泊尔优先考虑减少灾害风险。最后，我们得出结论，现在断言权力下放进程将能够减少脆弱社区的灾害风险还为时过早，特别是尼泊尔的灾害治理联邦化。
This article aims to explain various disaster governance paradigms that have emerged and currently exists in Nepal. A disaster governance paradigm is a comprehensive set of prevailing and institutionalized ideas that shape disaster plans and policies that eventually are implemented on-the-ground. Nepal has prepared various disaster plans and policies at the national, provincial and local level, but there are major gaps in disaster risk preparedness, with annual floods and landslides continuing to be responsible for the loss of lives and heavy infrastructure damages. In this article, we show how disaster governance paradigms have evolved between 1982 and 2019, using policy document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key policy actors. The study found that four major disaster governance paradigms exist in Nepal – (1) response and recovery; (2) disaster risk reduction and management; (3) integrated climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction; and (4) federalised disaster risk reduction. The results of this study show that multiple state and non-state actors such as key government ministries, NGOs, INGOs and other civil society actors are competing over resources and there is an ongoing administrative struggle for promoting different disaster governance paradigms. There has been a push from various civil society actors to prioritize disaster risk reduction in Nepal. Finally, we conclude that it is too early to assert that the decentralization process will be able to reduce disaster risk for vulnerable communities, especially with the federalization of Nepal’s disaster governance.
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