Structure of a HIV-1 IN-Allosteric inhibitor complex at 2.93 Å resolution: Routes to inhibitor optimization.

Structure of a HIV-1 IN-Allosteric inhibitor complex at 2.93 Å resolution: Routes to inhibitor optimization.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1011097
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发表时间:
2023-03
期刊:
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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--
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HIV整合酶(IN)将病毒DNA插入宿主基因组,是链转移抑制剂(STI)的靶点,STI是目前临床使用的一类小分子。另一类有效的抗病毒药物是整合酶的变构抑制剂,或ALLINI。ALLINI通过稳定催化核心结构域(CCD)和羧基末端结构域(CTD)之间的相互作用促进IN聚集,所述相互作用破坏后期复制中的病毒颗粒形成。抑制剂效力、毒性和病毒耐药性的持续挑战促使研究人员了解其机制。在这里,我们报告了CCD、CTD和ALLINI BI-224436之间最小三元复合物的2.93 μ m X射线晶体结构。该结构揭示了具有π介导的相互作用的突出网络的不对称三元复合物,这为未来ALLINI开发和优化提供了具体途径。艾滋病毒/艾滋病的全球负担和耐药性的不断出现促使人们需要新的抗病毒药物。变构整合酶抑制剂(ALLINI)是正在开发的一类有效的抗病毒药物,其以令人惊讶的方式靶向酶整合酶:小分子用于稳定不适当的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用以获得生物效应。在这里,我们报告了整合酶结构域和第一个ALLINI临床前先导BI-224436之间最小三元复合物的第一个原子分辨率(2.93 μ m)X射线晶体结构。我们的结构提供了一个更精确的观点的分子相互作用的基础药物效力,和我们的数据的几个方面建议的路线,以改善ALLINI设计和最大限度地减少耐药性的收购。
HIV integrase (IN) inserts viral DNA into the host genome and is the target of the strand transfer inhibitors (STIs), a class of small molecules currently in clinical use. Another potent class of antivirals is the allosteric inhibitors of integrase, or ALLINIs. ALLINIs promote IN aggregation by stabilizing an interaction between the catalytic core domain (CCD) and carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) that undermines viral particle formation in late replication. Ongoing challenges with inhibitor potency, toxicity, and viral resistance motivate research to understand their mechanism. Here, we report a 2.93 Å X-ray crystal structure of the minimal ternary complex between CCD, CTD, and the ALLINI BI-224436. This structure reveals an asymmetric ternary complex with a prominent network of π-mediated interactions that suggest specific avenues for future ALLINI development and optimization. The global burden of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and continued emergence of drug resistance drives the need for novel antivirals. The allosteric integrase inhibitors, or ALLINIs, are a potent class of antivirals in development that target the enzyme integrase in a surprising fashion: the small molecules act to stabilize an inappropriate protein-protein interaction to attain biological effect. Here, we report the first atomic resolution (2.93 Å) X-ray crystal structure of the minimal ternary complex between domains of the integrase and the first ALLINI preclinical lead BI-224436. Our structure provides a more precise view of the molecular interactions that underlie drug potency, and several aspects of our data suggest routes to improving ALLINI design and minimizing acquisition of resistance.
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