Neoantigen-based personalized cancer vaccines: the emergence of precision cancer immunotherapy

Neoantigen-based personalized cancer vaccines: the emergence of precision cancer immunotherapy
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基于新抗原的个性化癌症疫苗:精准癌症免疫疗法的出现

DOI:
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Anne Searls De Groot
Anne Searls De Groot
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guilhem Richard;M. Princiotta;D. Bridon;W. Martin;G. Steinberg;Anne Searls De Groot

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摘要引言由于检查点抑制剂的引入、下一代测序的出现和新抗原的发现,癌症治疗领域在不到十年的时间里经历了重大转变。每个患者对肿瘤中存在的独特突变或新抗原的免疫反应的广度与其生存直接相关的关键观察结果导致肿瘤学家专注于通过疫苗接种来驱动对新抗原的免疫反应。肿瘤学已进入精准免疫治疗时代,癌症疫苗研发正在经历范式转变。Neoantigens是在肿瘤中发现的短肽序列,但不是非癌组织,其中绝大多数是每个患者所特有的。除了提供新抗原发现平台的显着特点的描述,本次审查将解决跨领域的个性化癌症疫苗设计主题和发展的绊脚石。能够快速扫描癌症基因组并识别“最佳”新抗原的免疫信息学管道需求量很大。尽管需要这样的工具,但用于鉴定癌症基因组中的新表位的免疫信息学方法是多种多样的,并且尚未得到充分验证。“个性化疫苗设计管道”的验证将带来基于新抗原的疫苗设计和交付的革命。
ABSTRACT Introduction The field of cancer therapy has undergone a major transformation in less than a decade due to the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors, the advent of next generation sequencing and the discovery of neoantigens. The key observation that the breadth of each patient’s immune response to the unique mutations or neoantigens present in their tumor is directly related to their survival has led oncologists to focus on driving immune responses to neoantigens through vaccination. Oncology has entered the era of precision immunotherapy, and cancer vaccine development is undergoing a paradigm shift. Areas covered Neoantigens are short peptide sequences found in tumors, but not noncancerous tissues, the vast majority of which are unique to each patient. In addition to providing a description of the distinguishing features of neoantigen discovery platforms, this review will address cross-cutting personalized cancer vaccine design themes and developmental stumbling blocks. Expert opinion Immunoinformatic pipelines that can rapidly scan cancer genomes and identify ‘the best’ neoantigens are in high demand. Despite the need for such tools, immunoinformatic methods for identifying neoepitopes in cancer genomes are diverse and have not been well-validated. Validation of ‘personalized vaccine design pipelines’ will bring about a revolution in neoantigen-based vaccine design and delivery.
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