The geology of Darwin Crater, western Tasmania, Australia

The geology of Darwin Crater, western Tasmania, Australia
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澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州西部达尔文陨石坑的地质

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.007
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发表时间:
2007
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Howard K
Howard K
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Howard K

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达尔文玻璃(英语:Darwin glass)是一种硅质撞击玻璃,发现于澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚岛西部达尔文山附近一个400平方公里的散布地。Ar-Ar法测得其年龄为816±7 ka。一个直径1.2公里的圆形凹陷,名为达尔文陨石坑(42°18.39′S,145°39.41′E),是玻璃的假定来源陨石坑。达尔文火山口位于一个偏远的雨林山谷,在志留纪-泥盆纪的石英岩和板岩(埃尔登群)中发育。早期的地球物理调查表明,该结构是一个几乎圆形的碗状沉积物填充盆地。本文首次详细描述了达尔文陨石坑的地质情况。火山口的中心被两个钻芯穿透,最深处达230米。钻孔岩芯显示,细粒湖相沉积物(厚约60米)覆盖在分选不良的较粗火山口充填沉积物上。湖前火山口充填地层包括最上部的角石英和围岩复混合角砾岩(厚约40 m),其中含有非常罕见的新鲜玻璃碎片(约10%)(火山口充填相A)。在复混合角砾岩相之下,钻孔岩心为角石英单混合桑迪角砾岩(火山口充填相B)和复杂的变形板岩碎屑包(火山口充填相C)。陨石坑充填样品中的石英颗粒含有丰富的不规则裂缝。在一些变形最严重的石英颗粒中,亚平面断裂定义了表面上类似于孪生的交替消光区。还存在扭结云母。虽然在陨石坑填充相的碎屑中观察到的变形远远大于陨石坑周围的岩石,但没有观察到诊断性的冲击指标,如石英中的平面变形特征(PDF)。如果这个陨石坑是撞击坑,因为它与达尔文玻璃有着密切的联系,那么这是另一个简单陨石坑的例子,在这个陨石坑中,似乎没有诊断性的冲击指示物,无法仅通过陨石坑填充样品的岩相学分析来确认撞击坑的起源。
Darwin glass is a siliceous impact glass found in a 400 km2strewn field near Mt Darwin, western Tasmania, Australia. It has been dated by Ar–Ar methods at 816±7 ka. A 1.2 km diameter circular depression, named Darwin Crater (42°18.39′S, 145°39.41′E), is the assumed source crater for the glass. Darwin Crater is situated in a remote rain forested valley developed within Siluro–Devonian quartzite and slate (Eldon Group). Earlier geophysical investigations demonstrated that the structure is an almost circular bowl-shaped sediment-filled basin. This paper provides the first detailed description of the geology of Darwin Crater. The centre of the crater has been penetrated by two drill cores, the deeper to a maximum depth of ∼230 m. The drill cores intersected fine-grained lacustrine sediments (∼60 m thick) overlying poorly sorted coarser crater-fill deposits. The pre-lacustrine crater-fill stratigraphy comprises an uppermost polymict breccia (∼40 m thick) of angular quartz and country rock, which contains very rare (≪1%) fresh glass fragments (Crater-fill Facies A). Beneath the polymict breccia facies, the drill core intersected monomict sandy breccias of angular quartz (Crater-fill Facies B), and a complicated package of deformed slate clasts (Crater-fill Facies C). Quartz grains in the crater-fill samples contain abundant irregular fractures. In some of the most deformed quartz grains, sub-planar fractures define zones of alternating extinction that superficially resemble twinning. Kinked micas are also present. While the deformation observed in clasts of the crater-fill facies is far greater than in rocks cropping out around the crater, no diagnostic shock indicators, such as planar deformation features (PDF's) in quartz, were observed. If the crater is of impact origin, as seems likely due to the close association with Darwin glass, this is another example of a simple crater where diagnostic shock indicators appear to be absent, preventing confirmation of an impact origin by petrographic analysis of crater-fill samples alone.
塔斯马尼亚更新世冰川期:回顾与推测
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8470.1972.tb00130.x
发表时间: 1972
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