Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs, and Therapies to Counter Ebola Virus.
Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs, and Therapies to Counter Ebola Virus.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01803
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Chaicumpa W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhama K;Karthik K;Khandia R;Chakraborty S;Munjal A;Latheef SK;Kumar D;Ramakrishnan MA;Malik YS;Singh R;Malik SVS;Singh RK;Chaicumpa W
埃博拉病毒 (EBOV) 是丝状病毒科的一员，可引起埃博拉病毒病 (EVD)（以前称为埃博拉出血热）。这是一种严重且常常致命的疾病，人类死亡率从 50% 到 90% 不等。尽管自 1976 年以来人们就认识到了这种病毒及相关疾病，但直到最近 2014-2016 年埃博拉病毒的爆发才凸显了这种病毒的危险性和全球影响，需要研制有效的疫苗和药物来应对其大流行威胁。尽管迄今为止还没有针对埃博拉病毒的商业疫苗，但一些候选疫苗正在接受评估和临床试验，以评估其预防功效。其中包括重组病毒载体（重组水泡性口炎病毒载体、黑猩猩腺病毒3型载体和改良痘苗安卡拉病毒）、埃博拉病毒样颗粒、病毒样复制子颗粒、DNA和植物疫苗。由于基因组学和蛋白质组学领域的进步，表位靶向疫苗已成为重中之重。相应地，还开发了几种疗法，包括针对特定病毒结构的免疫球蛋白、针对细胞内 EBOV 蛋白的小细胞穿透抗体片段。小干扰 RNA 和寡聚物介导的抑制也已在 EVD 治疗中得到验证。其他治疗选择包括病毒进入抑制剂、输注恢复期血液/血清、中和抗体和基因表达抑制剂。经过高通量筛选后，可以对已证明安全性的重新利用药物进行调整，以评估埃博拉病毒病治疗的功效和效力。草药和其他天然产品也正在探索用于埃博拉病毒病的治疗。进一步研究以更好地了解病毒的发病机制和抗原结构，有助于开发有效的疫苗并确定适当的抗病毒靶点。这篇综述介绍了设计和开发应对埃博拉病毒威胁的疫苗、药物和疗法的最新进展。
Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the family Filoviridae, is responsible for causing Ebola virus disease (EVD) (formerly named Ebola hemorrhagic fever). This is a severe, often fatal illness with mortality rates varying from 50 to 90% in humans. Although the virus and associated disease has been recognized since 1976, it was only when the recent outbreak of EBOV in 2014–2016 highlighted the danger and global impact of this virus, necessitating the need for coming up with the effective vaccines and drugs to counter its pandemic threat. Albeit no commercial vaccine is available so far against EBOV, a few vaccine candidates are under evaluation and clinical trials to assess their prophylactic efficacy. These include recombinant viral vector (recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector, chimpanzee adenovirus type 3-vector, and modified vaccinia Ankara virus), Ebola virus-like particles, virus-like replicon particles, DNA, and plant-based vaccines. Due to improvement in the field of genomics and proteomics, epitope-targeted vaccines have gained top priority. Correspondingly, several therapies have also been developed, including immunoglobulins against specific viral structures small cell-penetrating antibody fragments that target intracellular EBOV proteins. Small interfering RNAs and oligomer-mediated inhibition have also been verified for EVD treatment. Other treatment options include viral entry inhibitors, transfusion of convalescent blood/serum, neutralizing antibodies, and gene expression inhibitors. Repurposed drugs, which have proven safety profiles, can be adapted after high-throughput screening for efficacy and potency for EVD treatment. Herbal and other natural products are also being explored for EVD treatment. Further studies to better understand the pathogenesis and antigenic structures of the virus can help in developing an effective vaccine and identifying appropriate antiviral targets. This review presents the recent advances in designing and developing vaccines, drugs, and therapies to counter the EBOV threat.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Babalola MO
通讯作者：
Babalola MO
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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