Intragenic CpG Islands and Their Impact on Gene Regulation.

Intragenic CpG Islands and Their Impact on Gene Regulation.
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DOI:
10.3389/fcell.2022.832348
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Oakey RJ
Oakey RJ
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cain JA;Montibus B;Oakey RJ

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哺乳动物基因组中的 CG 二核苷酸已耗尽,但受保护区域除外,这些区域聚集为 CpG 岛 (CGI)。 CGI 是基因调控中心,充当转录起始位点,并且正如预期的那样,与基因启动子相关。基因组注释的进展表明,四分之一的 CGI 是在基因内发现的。这样的基因内区域是抑制环境,因此令人惊讶的是,CGI 驻留在此处,更令人惊讶的是,一些 CGI 抵抗抑制并在基因内具有转录活性。因此,基因内 CGI 的定位不是任意的,而是经过选择的。最近的大量研究表明,基因内 CGI 嵌入基因内,因此影响“宿主”基因 mRNA 亚型长度并扩大转录组多样性。
The mammalian genome is depleted in CG dinucleotides, except at protected regions where they cluster as CpG islands (CGIs). CGIs are gene regulatory hubs and serve as transcription initiation sites and are as expected, associated with gene promoters. Advances in genomic annotations demonstrate that a quarter of CGIs are found within genes. Such intragenic regions are repressive environments, so it is surprising that CGIs reside here and even more surprising that some resist repression and are transcriptionally active within a gene. Hence, intragenic CGI positioning within genes is not arbitrary and is instead, selected for. As a wealth of recent studies demonstrate, intragenic CGIs are embedded within genes and consequently, influence ‘host’ gene mRNA isoform length and expand transcriptome diversity.
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