Understanding the fate of soil organic matter in submerging coastal wetland soils: A microcosm approach
Understanding the fate of soil organic matter in submerging coastal wetland soils: A microcosm approach
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了解淹没沿海湿地土壤中土壤有机质的命运：微观方法
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.08.020
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Chambers, Lisa G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinmuller, Havalend E.;Dittmer, Kyle M.;White, John R.;Chambers, Lisa G.
当相对海平面上升的速率超过土壤海拔上升或向陆地的海侵速率时，沿海湿地就会被淹没。在有机质含量高的土壤中，湿地平台塌陷到开放水域中可能导致土壤结构的分离，使以前受保护的厌氧微区暴露在含氧海水中，这可能会加速矿化速度。9个土芯（1米深），从巴拉塔里亚湾，洛杉矶（美国），一个地区的湿地淹没率高，已知的三个站点。土壤的地球化学性质与深度进行了测定，以及引入含氧海水对碳矿化速率的影响。田间酶活性（β-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰-β-d-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-木糖苷酶和β-纤维二糖苷酶）和微生物量碳（MBC）在50 cm之前没有显著变化，在50 cm处活性急剧增加，然后逐渐下降。总碳（C），总氮和有机质百分比最高的50和100厘米之间。在初始生物地球化学表征之后，在厌氧条件（模拟完整湿地）和有氧条件（模拟与含氧水混合的淹没湿地）下为11个深度段创建了土壤微生态系统;在14天内测量了瓶中的二氧化碳（CO2）产量。好氧处理的二氧化碳产量平均比厌氧处理高66%。两种处理都表现出随深度（特别是40 ~ 100 cm）增加CO2产生的总体趋势，其中好氧和厌氧处理之间的CO2产生差异在90-100 cm处比在土壤表面（0-5 cm）大4倍。在深度处观察到的C矿化率的增加与更大的微生物活性的指标正相关（即，更高的酶活性和MBC）和更高的养分可用性。研究结果表明，沿海湿地淹没到开放水域可以显着增加CO2排放量，即使在深（40+厘米）的土壤，相反，通常观察到的模式，土壤微生物活性和土壤质量随深度下降。这些研究结果强调，需要分析更深的土壤样品（1+米），以充分了解海平面上升的影响，淹没沿海湿地土壤的碳损失。
Coastal wetland submergence can occur when rates of relative sea-level rise exceed that of soil elevation gain or landward transgression. In highly organic soils, the collapse of the wetland platform into open water can cause disarticulation of the soil structure, exposing previously protected anaerobic microzones to oxygenated seawater, which may accelerate mineralization rates. Nine soil cores (1 m deep) were collected from three sites within Barataria Bay, LA (USA), a region known for high rates of wetland submergence. Both the biogeochemical properties of the soils with depth were determined, as well as the impacts of the introduction of oxygenated seawater on carbon mineralization rates. Both field enzyme activity (β‑glucosidase,N‑acetyl‑beta‑d‑glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, β‑xylosidase, and β‑cellobiosidase) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) did not significantly change with depth until 50 cm, where activity increased dramatically, then gradually decreased. Total carbon (C), total nitrogen, and percent organic matter were highest between 50 and 100 cm. Following initial biogeochemical characterization, soil microcosms were created for 11 depth segments under anaerobic conditions (mimicking an intact wetland) and aerobic conditions (mimicking a submerging wetland mixing with oxygenated water); carbon dioxide (CO2) production was measured within the bottles over 14 days. Carbon dioxide production averaged 66% greater in the aerobic treatment than the anaerobic treatment. Both treatments exhibited a general trend of increasing CO2production with depth (particularly from 40 to 100 cm), with the difference in CO2production between aerobic and anaerobic treatments being 4× greater at 90–100 cm than at the soil surface (0–5 cm). The increase in C mineralization rates observed at depth was positively correlated with indicators of greater microbial activity (i.e., higher enzyme activity and MBC) and greater nutrient availability. Study results indicate coastal wetland submergence into open water could significantly enhance CO2emissions, even in deep (40+ cm) soils, contrary to the typically observed pattern of soil microbial activity and soil quality decreasing with depth. These findings underline the need to analyze deeper soil samples (1+ m) in order to fully understand the implications of sea level rise on C loss from submerging coastal wetland soils.
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DOI：
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