Changing word meanings in biomedical literature reveal pandemics and new technologies.
Changing word meanings in biomedical literature reveal pandemics and new technologies.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13040-023-00332-2
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发表时间：
2023-05-05
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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虽然我们经常认为单词有一个固定的含义，我们用它来描述一个不断变化的世界，但单词也是动态和变化的。科学研究也可以非常快速地发展，新的概念或方法迅速获得思想份额。我们研究了科学写作，包括预印本和出版前的同行评议文本，以确定已经改变的术语并检查它们的使用。我们面临的一个特殊挑战是，从封闭到开放获取出版的转变意味着可用语料库的规模在过去二十年中发生了超过一个数量级的变化。我们开发了一种方法来评估语义转变占内和跨年的变化，使用多个集成模型。这一分析揭示了两个语料库中数千个变化点，包括“cas9”、“pandemic”和“sars”等术语。我们发现，出版前同行评审文本与预印文本之间的一致变化点主要与COVID-19疫情有关。我们还创建了一个用于探索的网络应用程序，允许用户调查各个术语（https：//greenelab.github.io/word-lapse/）。据我们所知，我们的研究是第一个研究生物医学预印本和出版前同行评议文本中的语义转变，并为未来的工作提供了基础，以了解术语如何获得新的含义以及同行评议如何影响这一过程。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s13040-023-00332-2获得。
While we often think of words as having a fixed meaning that we use to describe a changing world, words are also dynamic and changing. Scientific research can also be remarkably fast-moving, with new concepts or approaches rapidly gaining mind share. We examined scientific writing, both preprint and pre-publication peer-reviewed text, to identify terms that have changed and examine their use. One particular challenge that we faced was that the shift from closed to open access publishing meant that the size of available corpora changed by over an order of magnitude in the last two decades. We developed an approach to evaluate semantic shift by accounting for both intra- and inter-year variability using multiple integrated models. This analysis revealed thousands of change points in both corpora, including for terms such as ‘cas9’, ‘pandemic’, and ‘sars’. We found that the consistent change-points between pre-publication peer-reviewed and preprinted text are largely related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also created a web app for exploration that allows users to investigate individual terms (https://greenelab.github.io/word-lapse/). To our knowledge, our research is the first to examine semantic shift in biomedical preprints and pre-publication peer-reviewed text, and provides a foundation for future work to understand how terms acquire new meanings and how peer review affects this process. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13040-023-00332-2.
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