Intra-plastid protein trafficking: how plant cells adapted prokaryotic mechanisms to the eukaryotic condition.
Intra-plastid protein trafficking: how plant cells adapted prokaryotic mechanisms to the eukaryotic condition.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.028
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Cline, Kenneth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Celedon, Jose M.;Cline, Kenneth
质体中的蛋白质运输和定位涉及古代（原核）和新型（真核）易位酶和靶向机制之间复杂的相互作用。在进化过程中，古代系统获得了新功能，并开发了新型易位机制，以促进针对叶绿体的核编码蛋白的正确定位。由于其翻译后性质，膜蛋白的靶向和整合对细胞器提出了最大的挑战，以避免在水室中聚集。可溶性蛋白质面临着不同类型的问题，因为有些蛋白质必须穿过三层膜才能到达目的地。早期研究表明，叶绿体通过改造古代原核机器并将其与新型真核系统整合来解决这些问题，这一过程称为“保守排序”。在过去的十年中，详细的生化、遗传和结构研究揭示了叶绿体中蛋白质靶向和定位的机制，提出了一种高度集成的方案，古老的和新颖的系统在该过程的不同阶段进行协作。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注叶绿体祖先易位酶与其原核亲属之间的差异和相似之处，以突出使它们适应真核情况的已知修饰。
Protein trafficking and localization in plastids involves a complex interplay between ancient (prokaryotic) and novel (eukaryotic) translocases and targeting machineries. During evolution, ancient systems acquired new functions and novel translocation machineries were developed to facilitate the correct localization of nuclear encoded proteins targeted to the chloroplast. Because of its post-translational nature, targeting and integration of membrane proteins posed the biggest challenge to the organelle to avoid aggregation in the aqueous compartments. Soluble proteins faced a different kind of problem since some had to be transported across three membranes to reach their destination. Early studies suggested that chloroplasts addressed these issues by adapting ancient-prokaryotic machineries and integrating them with novel-eukaryotic systems, a process called ‘conservative sorting’. In the last decade, detailed biochemical, genetic, and structural studies have unraveled the mechanisms of protein targeting and localization in chloroplasts, suggesting a highly integrated scheme where ancient and novel systems collaborate at different stages of the process. In this review we focus on the differences and similarities between chloroplast ancestral translocases and their prokaryotic relatives to highlight known modifications that adapted them to the eukaryotic situation.
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