Integrin Targeted MR Imaging.
Integrin Targeted MR Imaging.
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DOI：
10.7150/thno/v01p0083
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发表时间：
2011-01-19
期刊：
影响因子：
12.4
通讯作者：
Lu ZR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tan M;Lu ZR
磁共振成像（MRI）是一种强大的整合素靶向成像的医学诊断成像方式，它利用组织水质子的磁共振以高空间分辨率显示组织解剖结构。在MRI中，造影剂通常用于突出身体的特定区域，使其更容易可视化。MRI造影剂根据造影剂作用机制的不同，主要分为T1、T2、化学交换饱和转移（CEST）造影剂和异核造影剂四大类。整合素是一个重要的异二聚体跨膜糖蛋白家族，作为细胞-细胞和细胞-细胞外基质相互作用的介质。过表达的整合素可以作为分子靶点，设计合适的整合素靶向造影剂用于MR分子成像。整合素靶向造影剂包括针对目标整合素的靶向剂、顺磁性剂和连接靶向剂与顺磁性剂的连接剂。正确选择靶向剂对于靶向MRI造影剂有效结合整合素进行体内成像至关重要。一种理想的整合素靶向MR造影剂应该是无毒的，在目标部位提供强大的对比度增强，并且在MR成像后可以完全从体内排出。本文综述了基于小分子和大分子Gd（III）配合物、脂质纳米粒子和超顺磁性纳米粒子的整合素靶向MR造影剂用于MR分子成像。通过使用适当的递送系统来装载足够的Gd（III）螯合剂或超顺磁性纳米颗粒，在动物模型中已经证明了MRI对整合素的有效分子成像。
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical diagnostic imaging modality for integrin targeted imaging, which uses the magnetic resonance of tissue water protons to display tissue anatomic structures with high spatial resolution. Contrast agents are often used in MRI to highlight specific regions of the body and make them easier to visualize. There are four main classes of MRI contrast agents based on their different contrast mechanisms, including T1, T2, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents, and heteronuclear contrast agents. Integrins are an important family of heterodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that function as mediators of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The overexpressed integrins can be used as the molecular targets for designing suitable integrin targeted contrast agents for MR molecular imaging. Integrin targeted contrast agent includes a targeting agent specific to a target integrin, a paramagnetic agent and a linker connecting the targeting agent with the paramagnetic agent. Proper selection of targeting agents is critical for targeted MRI contrast agents to effectively bind to integrins for in vivo imaging. An ideal integrin targeted MR contrast agent should be non-toxic, provide strong contrast enhancement at the target sites and can be completely excreted from the body after MR imaging. An overview of integrin targeted MR contrast agents based on small molecular and macromolecular Gd(III) complexes, lipid nanoparticles and superparamagnetic nanoparticles is provided for MR molecular imaging. By using proper delivery systems for loading sufficient Gd(III) chelates or superparamagnetic nanoparticles, effective molecular imaging of integrins with MRI has been demonstrated in animal models.
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