Does herbivorous fish protection really improve coral reef resilience? A case study from new caledonia (South Pacific).
Does herbivorous fish protection really improve coral reef resilience? A case study from new caledonia (South Pacific).
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草食性鱼类保护是否真的可以改善珊瑚礁的弹性？来自新喀里多尼亚（南太平洋）的案例研究。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0060564
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kulbicki M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carassou L;Léopold M;Guillemot N;Wantiez L;Kulbicki M
新喀里多尼亚（南太平洋）的部分珊瑚礁于 2008 年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。目前正在考虑旨在在气候变化背景下保护这些珊瑚礁特殊生态价值的管理战略。这项研究评估了专门禁止草食性鱼类捕捞作为增强珊瑚礁对联合国教科文组织注册的新喀里多尼亚地区飓风和白化的抵御能力的战略的适当性。制定了一个两阶段的方法：1）在新喀里多尼亚遭受不同捕捞压力的 14 个珊瑚礁的四个生境中对珊瑚、大型藻类和草食性鱼类群落进行了检查；2）这些分析的结果在草食性鱼类保护、珊瑚恢复和飓风和白化后相对大型藻类发育之间关系的全球综合背景下受到挑战。对新喀里多尼亚数据的分析表明，1）当前的捕捞压力仅轻微影响该国的草食性鱼类群落，2）珊瑚和大型藻类覆盖仍然不相关，大型藻类覆盖与大型藻类饲养者的生物量、密度或多样性无关，无论考虑何种生境或捕捞压力水平。在全球范围内，我们发现重大气候事件后珊瑚礁保护状况、珊瑚恢复和相对大型藻类发育之间没有关系。这些结果表明，对新喀里多尼亚草食性鱼类的专门保护不太可能提高珊瑚礁对大规模气候扰动的抵御能力，特别是在联合国教科文组织注册的轻度捕捞地区。建议加大对采矿等主要慢性应激因素的调查和监管力度。然而，在该国捕捞最严重的地区，作为预防措施的一部分，可能会对肉食性鱼类和大型目标草食动物进行监测。
Parts of coral reefs from New Caledonia (South Pacific) were registered at the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2008. Management strategies aiming at preserving the exceptional ecological value of these reefs in the context of climate change are currently being considered. This study evaluates the appropriateness of an exclusive fishing ban of herbivorous fish as a strategy to enhance coral reef resilience to hurricanes and bleaching in the UNESCO-registered areas of New Caledonia. A two-phase approach was developed: 1) coral, macroalgal, and herbivorous fish communities were examined in four biotopes from 14 reefs submitted to different fishing pressures in New Caledonia, and 2) results from these analyses were challenged in the context of a global synthesis of the relationship between herbivorous fish protection, coral recovery and relative macroalgal development after hurricanes and bleaching. Analyses of New Caledonia data indicated that 1) current fishing pressure only slightly affected herbivorous fish communities in the country, and 2) coral and macroalgal covers remained unrelated, and macroalgal cover was not related to the biomass, density or diversity of macroalgae feeders, whatever the biotope or level of fishing pressure considered. At a global scale, we found no relationship between reef protection status, coral recovery and relative macroalgal development after major climatic events. These results suggest that an exclusive protection of herbivorous fish in New Caledonia is unlikely to improve coral reef resilience to large-scale climatic disturbances, especially in the lightly fished UNESCO-registered areas. More efforts towards the survey and regulation of major chronic stress factors such as mining are rather recommended. In the most heavily fished areas of the country, carnivorous fish and large targeted herbivores may however be monitored as part of a precautionary approach.
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