The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress.
The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress.
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植物褪黑激素和相关代谢物在应激反应中的作用
DOI：
10.3390/molecules23081887
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发表时间：
2018-07-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhao Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu Y;Lv Y;Shi Y;Li T;Chen Y;Zhao D;Zhao Z
褪黑激素在植物中受到了广泛的研究，在各种胁迫条件下，如热，冷，盐，干旱，重金属和病原菌的攻击。在应激条件下，褪黑激素通常通过调节其生物合成和代谢途径而急剧积累。从前体色氨酸开始，四种连续的酶介导色胺或5-羟基色氨酸、5-羟色胺、N-乙酰5-羟色胺或5-甲氧基色胺和褪黑激素的生物合成。然后，该化合物通过2-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶催化或与活性氧的反应分解代谢为2-羟基褪黑激素、环-3-羟基褪黑激素和N1-乙酰基-N2-甲酰基-5-甲氧基山莨菪碱。作为一种古老而强大的抗氧化剂，褪黑激素直接清除各种应激条件诱导的ROS。此外，它还通过激活植物的抗氧化系统、缓解光合作用抑制、调节与抗逆有关的转录因子、螯合和促进重金属的运输等途径增强植物的抗逆能力。褪黑激素甚至被证明可以通过激活其他与压力相关的激素，如水杨酸，乙烯和茉莉酸来防御植物的病原体攻击。有趣的是，除了未被证实的5-甲氧基色胺、环-3-羟基褪黑激素和N1-乙酰基-N2-甲酰基-5-甲氧基knuramine外，其他与褪黑激素有关的前体和代谢物分子也可以增加植物的胁迫耐受性。因此，位于褪黑激素生物合成和催化途径的前体物质和代谢产物可能参与植物的抗逆性，从而为提高植物抗逆性提供了新的视角。
Plant hormone candidate melatonin has been widely studied in plants under various stress conditions, such as heat, cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and pathogen attack. Under stress, melatonin usually accumulates sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Beginning from the precursor tryptophan, four consecutive enzymes mediate the biosynthesis of tryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin or 5-methoxytryptamine, and melatonin. Then, the compound is catabolized into 2-hydroxymelatonin, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalysis or reaction with reactive oxygen species. As an ancient and powerful antioxidant, melatonin directly scavenges ROS induced by various stress conditions. Furthermore, it confreres stress tolerance by activating the plant’s antioxidant system, alleviating photosynthesis inhibition, modulating transcription factors that are involved with stress resisting, and chelating and promoting the transport of heavy metals. Melatonin is even proven to defense against pathogen attacks for the plant by activating other stress-relevant hormones, like salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Intriguingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules involved with melatonin also can increase stress tolerance for plant except for unconfirmed 5-methoxytryptamine, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine. Therefore, the precursors and metabolites locating at the whole biosynthesis and catabolism pathway of melatonin could contribute to plant stress resistance, thus providing a new perspective for promoting plant stress tolerance.
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