The growth cone cytoskeleton in axon outgrowth and guidance.
The growth cone cytoskeleton in axon outgrowth and guidance.
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a001800
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Gertler FB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dent EW;Gupton SL;Gertler FB
轴突生长和引导到适当的靶点需要丝状（F）-肌动蛋白和微管（MT）的协调，微管是促进形状变化和运动的动态细胞骨架聚合物。在过去的二十年里，我们对神经元生长和指导中涉及的许多指导线索、受体和下游信号级联的知识急剧增加。然而，关于这些信息级联如何汇聚并指导细胞骨架聚合物（运动和指导的最终效应物）的适当重塑和相互作用，人们知之甚少。在发育过程中，环境引导线索和细胞骨架之间的大部分交流发生在轴突的生长尖端，即神经元生长锥。关于这个主题的几篇文章集中在生长锥的“输入”，无数的受体类型，以及它们相应的同源配体。其他人研究了由受体启动并通过第二信使途径传播的信号级联（即，激酶、磷酸酶、GTP酶）。最终，这些过多的信息集中在与肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架直接相关的蛋白质上。这些细胞骨架相关蛋白的作用，以及细胞骨架本身在轴突生长和指导，是本文的主题。
Axon outgrowth and guidance to the proper target requires the coordination of filamentous (F)-actin and microtubules (MTs), the dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that promote shape change and locomotion. Over the past two decades, our knowledge of the many guidance cues, receptors, and downstream signaling cascades involved in neuronal outgrowth and guidance has increased dramatically. Less is known, however, about how those cascades of information converge and direct appropriate remodeling and interaction of cytoskeletal polymers, the ultimate effectors of movement and guidance. During development, much of the communication that occurs between environmental guidance cues and the cytoskeleton takes place at the growing tip of the axon, the neuronal growth cone. Several articles on this topic focus on the “input” to the growth cone, the myriad of receptor types, and their corresponding cognate ligands. Others investigate the signaling cascades initiated by receptors and propagated by second messenger pathways (i.e., kinases, phosphatases, GTPases). Ultimately, this plethora of information converges on proteins that associate directly with the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. The role of these cytoskeletal-associated proteins, as well as the cytoskeleton itself in axon outgrowth and guidance, is the subject of this article.
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