Punctuated evolution and robustness in morphogenesis.

Punctuated evolution and robustness in morphogenesis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.06.013
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发表时间:
2014-09
期刊:
影响因子:
1.6
通讯作者:
Weber, A.
Weber, A.
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grigoriev, D.;Reinitz, J.;Vakulenko, S.;Weber, A.

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本文提出了一种分析形态发生中模式稳定性和模式演化问题的方法。这里使用的方法是基于基因和神经网络理论的思想。我们假设基因网络包含许多控制形态发生过程的小基因组(称为枢纽)。枢纽基因是基因网络结构的重要组成部分,其存在已被经验证实。我们发现,枢纽可以稳定形态发生模式,加速形态发生。枢纽活性表现出突变频率的突变。当突变频率很小时,这些枢纽抑制所有突变,基因产物浓度不改变,因此,模式是稳定的。当环境压力增加,种群需要新的基因型时,遗传漂变等效应会增加突变频率。对于大于临界量的频率,枢纽关闭;因此,许多突变可以影响表型。这种效应可以作为进化的引擎。我们表明,这个引擎是非常有效的:进化加速是基因冗余的指数函数。最后,我们表明,埃尔德里奇古尔德概念的间断进化的结果从网络架构,它提供了快速的进化,控制的可进化性,和模式的鲁棒性。为了分析地描述指数加速的影响,我们使用最近开发的数学方法来解决组合问题,特别是所谓的k-SAT问题,以及数值模拟。
This paper presents an analytic approach to the pattern stability and evolution problem in morphogenesis. The approach used here is based on the ideas from the gene and neural network theory. We assume that gene networks contain a number of small groups of genes (called hubs) controlling morphogenesis process. Hub genes represent an important element of gene network architecture and their existence is empirically confirmed. We show that hubs can stabilize morphogenetic pattern and accelerate the morphogenesis. The hub activity exhibits an abrupt change depending on the mutation frequency. When the mutation frequency is small, these hubs suppress all mutations and gene product concentrations do not change, thus, the pattern is stable. When the environmental pressure increases and the population needs new genotypes, the genetic drift and other effects increase the mutation frequency. For the frequencies that are larger than a critical amount the hubs turn off; and as a result, many mutations can affect phenotype. This effect can serve as an engine for evolution. We show that this engine is very effective: the evolution acceleration is an exponential function of gene redundancy. Finally, we show that the Eldredge-Gould concept of punctuated evolution results from the network architecture, which provides fast evolution, control of evolvability, and pattern robustness. To describe analytically the effect of exponential acceleration, we use mathematical methods developed recently for hard combinatorial problems, in particular, for so-called k-SAT problem, and numerical simulations.
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