Ethical Considerations for Gene Drive: Challenges of Balancing Inclusion, Power and Perspectives.
Ethical Considerations for Gene Drive: Challenges of Balancing Inclusion, Power and Perspectives.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2022.826727
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
James AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kormos A;Lanzaro GC;Bier E;Santos V;Nazaré L;Pinto J;Aguiar Dos Santos A;James AA
基因驱动研究的进展激发了对伦理问题的讨论和辩论，包括社区参与和同意、政策和治理以及开发和部署所涉及的决策。许多组织、学术机构、基金会和专业人士都为确保在应用基因驱动技术之前考虑这些问题做出了贡献。中心议题包括与当地利益攸关方和社区共同开发技术，减少开发人员和最终用户之间的不对称。重要的问题包括与谁进行接触，以及如何确定社区的接受程度，开展能力建设活动，并监管这一技术。专家、学者和资助者建议制定全球框架、标准和指导方针，以指导回答这些重要问题的研究。此外，有人建议制定伦理原则或承诺，以进一步指导研究实践。我们在这里探讨的具有挑战性和有趣的矛盾是，绝大多数这些对话很少或根本没有来自潜在最终用户或利益相关者的输入，我们认为，他们最终应该决定技术在其社区中的命运。由此产生的问题是，在关于如何看待不平等以及如何解决这些问题的讨论和决定中，应该包括谁对边缘化、丧失权力和不平等的关切？真正的共同发展将在什么阶段发生，低收入国家利益攸关方的意见、观点和知识将如何应用于确定学术界正在辩论的有关伦理问题的答案？我们的意见是，现在是时候了。
Progress in gene-drive research has stimulated discussion and debate on ethical issues including community engagement and consent, policy and governance, and decision-making involved in development and deployment. Many organizations, academic institutions, foundations, and individual professionals have contributed to ensuring that these issues are considered prior to the application of gene-drive technology. Central topics include co-development of the technology with local stakeholders and communities and reducing asymmetry between developers and end-users. Important questions include with whom to conduct engagement and how to define community acceptance, develop capacity-building activities, and regulate this technology. Experts, academics, and funders have suggested that global frameworks, standards, and guidelines be developed to direct research in answering these important questions. Additionally, it has been suggested that ethical principles or commitments be established to further guide research practices. The challenging and interesting contradiction that we explore here is that the vast majority of these conversations transpire with little or no input from potential end-users or stakeholders who, we contend, should ultimately determine the fate of the technology in their communities. The question arises, whose concerns regarding marginalization, disempowerment, and inequity should be included in discussions and decisions concerning how inequities are perceived and how they may be addressed? At what stage will true co-development occur and how will opinions, perspectives and knowledge held by low-income country stakeholders be applied in determining answers to the questions regarding the ethics being debated on the academic stage? Our opinion is that the time is now.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Ramsey JM;Bond JG;Macotela ME;Facchinelli L;Valerio L;Brown DM;Scott TW;James AA
通讯作者：
James AA
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
James, Stephanie;Collins, Frank H.;Toure, Yeya T.
通讯作者：
Toure, Yeya T.
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.16-0726
发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
影响因子：
--
作者：
Roberts A;Andrade PP;Okumu F;Quemada H;Savadogo M;Singh JA;James S
通讯作者：
James S
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Thizy, Delphine;Emerson, Claudia;Robinson, Benjamin
通讯作者：
Robinson, Benjamin
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1805874115
发表时间：
2019-04-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Brossard, Dominique;Belluck, Pam;Wirz, Christopher D.
通讯作者：
Wirz, Christopher D.