The racial/ethnic distribution of heat risk-related land cover in relation to residential segregation.
The racial/ethnic distribution of heat risk-related land cover in relation to residential segregation.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1205919
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Cushing L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jesdale BM;Morello-Frosch R;Cushing L
目标：我们研究了热风险相关的土地覆盖（HRRLC）的种族/民族群体和居住隔离程度的特点的分布。研究方法：区块组层次的树冠和不透水面估计值来自2001年美国和波多黎各人口稠密的城市地区的国家土地覆盖数据集，并与2000年人口普查的人口特征相关联。如果一个街区组中的种族/族裔群体至少有一半的人口没有树冠，至少有一半的地面被不透水的表面（屋顶、车道、人行道、道路）覆盖，则认为该街区组中的种族/族裔群体生活在HRRLC。居住隔离的特点是在美国和波多黎各的大都市地区使用多组相异指数。结果如下：调整生态区和降水后，保持隔离水平不变，与非西班牙裔白人相比，非西班牙裔黑人生活在HRRLC条件下的可能性增加52%（95%CI：37%，69%），非西班牙裔亚洲人生活在HRRLC条件下的可能性增加32%（95%CI：18%，47%），西班牙裔生活在HRRLC条件下的可能性增加21%（95%CI：8%，35%）。在每个种族/族裔群体内，HRRLC的条件随着大都市区隔离程度的增加而增加。进一步调整住房所有权和贫困并没有实质性地改变这些结果，但调整人口密度和大都市区人口衰减的隔离效果，这表明中介或混杂作用。结论：土地覆被与每个种族/民族群体内的隔离有关，这可能部分解释为少数种族/民族集中在更大、更隔离的城市内人口稠密的社区。在预期的更高频率和持续时间的极端高温事件，气候变化的适应战略，如在城市地区植树，应明确纳入环境正义框架，解决种族/民族差异的HRRLC。
Objective: We examined the distribution of heat risk–related land cover (HRRLC) characteristics across racial/ethnic groups and degrees of residential segregation. Methods: Block group–level tree canopy and impervious surface estimates were derived from the 2001 National Land Cover Dataset for densely populated urban areas of the United States and Puerto Rico, and linked to demographic characteristics from the 2000 Census. Racial/ethnic groups in a given block group were considered to live in HRRLC if at least half their population experienced the absence of tree canopy and at least half of the ground was covered by impervious surface (roofs, driveways, sidewalks, roads). Residential segregation was characterized for metropolitan areas in the United States and Puerto Rico using the multigroup dissimilarity index. Results: After adjustment for ecoregion and precipitation, holding segregation level constant, non-Hispanic blacks were 52% more likely (95% CI: 37%, 69%), non-Hispanic Asians 32% more likely (95% CI: 18%, 47%), and Hispanics 21% more likely (95% CI: 8%, 35%) to live in HRRLC conditions compared with non-Hispanic whites. Within each racial/ethnic group, HRRLC conditions increased with increasing degrees of metropolitan area-level segregation. Further adjustment for home ownership and poverty did not substantially alter these results, but adjustment for population density and metropolitan area population attenuated the segregation effects, suggesting a mediating or confounding role. Conclusions: Land cover was associated with segregation within each racial/ethnic group, which may be explained partly by the concentration of racial/ethnic minorities into densely populated neighborhoods within larger, more segregated cities. In anticipation of greater frequency and duration of extreme heat events, climate change adaptation strategies, such as planting trees in urban areas, should explicitly incorporate an environmental justice framework that addresses racial/ethnic disparities in HRRLC.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Payne-Sturges, Devon C
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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Dadvand P;Sunyer J;Basagaña X;Ballester F;Lertxundi A;Fernández-Somoano A;Estarlich M;García-Esteban R;Mendez MA;Nieuwenhuijsen MJ
通讯作者：
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ