Function of the C. elegans T-box factor TBX-2 depends on SUMOylation.

Function of the C. elegans T-box factor TBX-2 depends on SUMOylation.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00018-013-1336-y
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发表时间:
2013-11
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Okkema, Peter G.
Okkema, Peter G.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Huber, Paul;Crum, Tanya;Clary, Lynn M.;Ronan, Tom;Packard, Adelaide V.;Okkema, Peter G.

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T-box 转录因子是所有多细胞生物体中关键的发育调节因子,T-box 因子活性的改变与多种人类先天性疾病和癌症有关。尽管 T-box 因子具有生物学意义,但其作用机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们检查 SUMO 化是否影响线虫 Tbx2 亚家族 T 盒因子 TBX-2 的功能。我们之前已经表明,TBX-2 与 E2 SUMO 结合酶 UBC-9 相互作用,并且 TBX-2 或 UBC-9 的缺失会在 ABa 衍生的咽肌发育中产生相同的缺陷。我们现在表明,TBX-2 在哺乳动物细胞测定中被 SUMO 化,并且 UBC-9 相互作用和 SUMO 化都取决于分别位于 T-box DNA 结合域和 TBX-2 C 末端附近的两个 SUMO 共有位点。在共转染测定中,TBX-2:GAL4 融合蛋白抑制 5xGal4:tk:荧光素酶构建体的表达。然而,该活性不需要 SUMO 化,表明 TBX-2 阻遏物活性通常不需要 SUMO。在秀丽隐杆线虫中,减少 SUMO 化会增强温度敏感的 tbx-2 突变体的表型,并导致通常受 TBX-2 抑制的基因异位表达,这表明 SUMO 化对于体内 TBX-2 功能很重要。最后,我们发现 TBX-2、Tbx2 和 Tbx3 的哺乳动物直系同源物也可以被 SUMO 化,表明 SUMO 化可能是控制 T-box 因子活性的保守机制。本文的在线版本 (doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1336-y) 包含补充材料,可供授权用户使用。
T-box transcription factors are critical developmental regulators in all multi-cellular organisms, and altered T-box factor activity is associated with a variety of human congenital diseases and cancers. Despite the biological significance of T-box factors, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Here we examine whether SUMOylation affects the function of the C. elegans Tbx2 sub-family T-box factor TBX-2. We have previously shown that TBX-2 interacts with the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC-9, and that loss of TBX-2 or UBC-9 produces identical defects in ABa-derived pharyngeal muscle development. We now show that TBX-2 is SUMOylated in mammalian cell assays, and that both UBC-9 interaction and SUMOylation depends on two SUMO consensus sites located in the T-box DNA binding domain and near the TBX-2 C-terminus, respectively. In co-transfection assays, a TBX-2:GAL4 fusion protein represses expression of a 5xGal4:tk:luciferase construct. However, this activity does not require SUMOylation, indicating SUMO is not generally required for TBX-2 repressor activity. In C. elegans, reducing SUMOylation enhances the phenotype of a temperature-sensitive tbx-2 mutant and results in ectopic expression of a gene normally repressed by TBX-2, demonstrating that SUMOylation is important for TBX-2 function in vivo. Finally, we show mammalian orthologs of TBX-2, Tbx2, and Tbx3, can also be SUMOylated, suggesting SUMOylation may be a conserved mechanism controlling T-box factor activity. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1336-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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