Scientific Utopia: II. Restructuring Incentives and Practices to Promote Truth Over Publishability.

Scientific Utopia: II. Restructuring Incentives and Practices to Promote Truth Over Publishability.
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DOI:
10.1177/1745691612459058
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发表时间:
2012-11
期刊:
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Motyl M
Motyl M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nosek BA;Spies JR;Motyl M

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学术科学家的职业成功取决于发表论文。出版规范强调新颖、积极的成果。因此,纪律激励鼓励设计、分析和报告决策,从而产生积极的结果,而忽略消极的结果。先前的报告表明,这些激励措施如何在已发表的科学论文中夸大了虚假效应的比率。当激励倾向于新颖而不是复制时,错误的结果在文献中持续存在而不受挑战,从而降低了知识积累的效率。以前解决这个问题的建议不太可能有效。例如,一份负面结果的期刊发表了其他方面无法发表的报告。这表明该杂志及其内容的地位低下。错误发现的持久性可以通过一些策略得到改善,这些策略可以使基本但抽象的准确性动机(使其正确)与更有形和具体的动机(使其发表)相竞争。本文开发了改进科学实践和知识积累的策略,这些策略可以解释普通的人类动机和偏见。
An academic scientist’s professional success depends on publishing. Publishing norms emphasize novel, positive results. As such, disciplinary incentives encourage design, analysis, and reporting decisions that elicit positive results and ignore negative results. Prior reports demonstrate how these incentives inflate the rate of false effects in published science. When incentives favor novelty over replication, false results persist in the literature unchallenged, reducing efficiency in knowledge accumulation. Previous suggestions to address this problem are unlikely to be effective. For example, a journal of negative results publishes otherwise unpublishable reports. This enshrines the low status of the journal and its content. The persistence of false findings can be meliorated with strategies that make the fundamental but abstract accuracy motive—getting it right—competitive with the more tangible and concrete incentive—getting it published. This article develops strategies for improving scientific practices and knowledge accumulation that account for ordinary human motivations and biases.
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